অভিযন্তা: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

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59 নং শাৰী:
==Regulation==
{{main|Regulation and licensure in engineering}}
বহুতো দেশত, অভিযান্ত্ৰিক কাম যেনে দলং, বিদ্যুত উত্পাদন কাৰখানা, ঔদ্যোগিক সঁজুলি, ৰাসায়নিক কাৰখানা আদিৰ ৰূপাঙ্কণ অনুজ্ঞাপ্ৰাপ্ত পেশাদাৰী অভিযন্তাৰ দ্বাৰা অনুমোদিত হ'ব লাগিব।
In many countries, engineering tasks such as the design of bridges, electric power plants, industrial equipment, machine design and chemical plants, must be approved by a licensed professional engineer. Most commonly titled [[Professional Engineer]] is a license to practice and is indicated with the use of [[post-nominal letters]]; PE or P.Eng. These are common in North America, European Engineer ([[European Engineer|Eur Ing]]) in Europe. The practice of engineering in the UK is not a regulated profession other than the control of the titles of Chartered Engineer (CEng) and Incorporated Engineer (IEng). The title CEng is in use in much of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. Many engineers in the UK also include semi skilled trades to engineering technicians. This is seen by some as a misuse of the title, giving a false image of the profession. A growing movement in the UK is to legally protect the title 'Engineer' so that only professional engineers can use it, a DirectGov [[petition]],<ref>[http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/6271]</ref> has been started to further this cause.
 
In the United States, licensure is generally attainable through combination of [[education]], pre-examination ([[Fundamentals of Engineering exam]]), examination (Professional Engineering Exam),<ref>[http://www.ncees.org/] NCEES is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing professional licensure for engineers and surveyors.</ref> and engineering experience (typically in the area of 5+ years). Each state tests and licenses [[Professional Engineer]]s. Currently most states do not license by specific engineering discipline, but rather provide generalized licensure, and trust engineers to use professional judgement regarding their individual competencies; this is the favoured approach of the professional societies. Despite this, however, at least one of the examinations required by most states is actually focused on a particular discipline; candidates for licensure typically choose the category of examination which comes closest to their respective expertise.
 
In Canada, the profession in each province is governed by its own engineering association. For instance, in the Province of British Columbia an engineering graduate with four or more years of post graduate experience in an engineering-related field and passing exams in ethics and law will need to be registered by the Association for Professional Engineers and Geoscientists ([[APEGBC]])<ref>[http://www.apeg.bc.ca/ APEGBC - Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of BC<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> in order to become a Professional Engineer and be granted the professional designation of P.Eng allowing one to practice engineering.
 
In [[Continental Europe]], [[Latin America]], [[Turkey]] and elsewhere the title is limited by law to people with an engineering degree and the use of the title by others is illegal. In [[Italy]], the title is limited to people who both hold an engineering degree and have passed a professional qualification examination (''Esame di Stato''). In [[Portugal]], professional engineer titles and accredited engineering degrees are regulated and certified by the ''[[Ordem dos Engenheiros]]''. In the [[Czech Republic]], the title "engineer" (Ing.) is given to people with a (masters) degree in chemistry, technology or economics for historical and traditional reasons. In [[Greece]], the academic title of "Diploma Engineer" is awarded after completion of the five-year engineering study course and the title of "Certified Engineer" is awarded after completion of the four-year course of engineering studies at a Technological Educational Institute (TEI).
 
==Perception==
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