চীন: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য
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IKHazarika (আলোচনা | বৰঙণি) No edit summary |
ইনফ'বক্স যোগ দিলোঁ |
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1 নং শাৰী:
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = People's Republic of China
| native_name = {{vunblist|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|中华人民共和国}}}} |{{small|''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó''}}}}<!--Please do not add official regional/minority languages here; use the langbox template directly below, included specifically for that purpose-->
| common_name = the People's Republic of China<!-- so the template links correctly to "(Topic) of the People's Republic of China" articles -->
| image_flag = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
| image_coat = National Emblem of the People's Republic of China.svg
| symbol_type = National Emblem
| image_map = People's Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map2= China - Location Map (2013) - CHN - UNOCHA.svg
| map_caption = Area controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
| map_caption2 = Note: Although [[Taipei]] is shown as one of the cities of the PRC, China does not hold actual sovereignty over [[Taiwan]] and its capital Taipei.
| map_width = 220px
| national_anthem = {{vunblist|{{lang|zh-hans|《义勇军进行曲》}}{{lang|zh-hant|《義勇軍進行曲》}} <!--NOT TO BE CHANGED AWAY FROM 《》; " " IS NOT USED IN CHINESE-->|''Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[Pinyin]])}} |{{small|"[[March of the Volunteers]]"}} }} [[File:March of the Volunteers instrumental.ogg|center]]
| official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Standard Chinese]]<ref name="langlaw">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/19/content_64906.htm |title=Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37) |publisher=Chinese Government|date=31 October 2000|accessdate=21 June 2013 |quote=For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters.}}</ref>{{efn|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ([[Macau]] only), [[English language|English]] ([[Hong Kong]] only).}}<!--end nowrap:-->}}
| languages_type = Official written language
| languages = [[Written vernacular Chinese|Vernacular Chinese]]
| languages_sub = yes
| languages2_type = [[Official script]]
| languages2 = [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]<ref name="langlaw"/>
| languages2_sub = yes
| regional_languages = {{small|{{hlist |[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] |[[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] |[[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] |[[Standard Zhuang|Zhuang]] |[[Languages of China|various others]]}}}}
| ethnic_groups =
{{vunblist
| 91.51% [[Han Chinese|Han]]<ref name=census/>
| {{collapsible list
|title = {{small|[[List of ethnic groups in China|55 minorities]]{{efn|Ethnic minorities that are recognized officially.}}}}
|1.30% [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]] |0.86% [[Manchu people|Manchu]] |0.79% [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]] |0.79% [[Hui people|Hui]] |0.72% [[Miao people|Miao]] |0.65% [[Yi people|Yi]] |0.62% [[Tujia people|Tujia]] |0.47% [[Ethnic Mongols in China|Mongol]] |0.44% [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] |0.26% [[Buyei]] |0.15% [[Koreans in China|Korean]] |1.05% others
}}
}}
| capital = [[Beijing]]{{efn|Or (previously) "Peking".}}
| latd=39 |latm=55 |latNS=N |longd=116 |longm=23 |longEW=E
| largest_city = [[Shanghai]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Chan, Kam Wing |title=Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications |journal=[[Eurasian Geography and Economics]] |year=2007 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=383–412 |url=http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf |accessdate=7 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173048/http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf|archivedate=15 January 2013|doi=10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383}} p. 395</ref>
| demonym = Chinese
<!----
NOTE FOR THE FOLLOWING:
Describing the PRC's *GOVERNMENT TYPE* has been a contentious issue.
PLEASE READ THE ARCHIVES of past discussions BEFORE MAKING/SUGGESTING CHANGES!
----->
| government_type = [[Single-party state|Single-party]] [[socialist state]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of the People's Republic of China|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Xi Jinping]]{{efn|Xi Jinping holds four concurrent positions: [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]], [[President of the People's Republic of China]], and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission]] for both state and party.<ref>[http://rt.com/news/china-new-leader-xi-734/ "New man at helm: Xi Jinping elected to lead China"]. RT.com. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2013.</ref>}}
| leader_title2 = [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]]
| leader_name2 = [[Li Keqiang]]
| leader_title3 = {{nowrap|[[Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Congress Chairman]]}}
| leader_name3 = [[Zhang Dejiang]]
| leader_title4 = {{nowrap|[[Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Conference Chairman]]}}
| leader_name4 = [[Yu Zhengsheng]]
| legislature = [[National People's Congress]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of China|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[Qin's wars of unification#Conquest of Qi|Unification of China]] under the Qin Dynasty
| established_date1 = 221 BCE
| established_event2 = [[Xinhai Revolution#Establishment of the Republic|Republic established]]
| established_date2 = 1 January 1912
| established_event3 = [[Chinese Civil War|People's Republic proclaimed]]
| established_date3 = 1 October 1949
| area_km2 = 9,596,961
| area_footnote = {{efn|The area given is the official United Nations figure for [[Mainland China|the mainland]] and excludes [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]] and [[Taiwan]].<ref name="UN Stat">{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2007/Table03.pdf |title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density |publisher=UN Statistics |year=2007|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref> It also excludes the [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]] {{convert|5800|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, [[Aksai Chin]] {{convert|37244|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and other territories in dispute with India. The total area of China is listed as {{convert|9572900|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} by the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China |title=China |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> For further information, see [[Territorial changes of the People's Republic of China]].}}
| area_sq_mi = 3,705,407 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| area_rank = 3rd/4th
| area_magnitude = 1 E12
| percent_water = 0.28%{{efn|This figure was calculated using data from the CIA World Factbook.<ref name=CIA />}}
| population_estimate = 1,350,695,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Population (Total)|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL|publisher=The World Bank|accessdate=25 November 2013}}</ref>
| population_estimate_rank = 1st
| population_estimate_year = 2012
| population_census = 1,339,724,852<ref name="groups" />
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_census_rank = 1st
| population_density_km2 = 2011 estimate:<ref>{{cite web|title=Population density (people per sq. km of land area)|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> 144
| population_density_sq_mi = 373 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
| population_density_rank = 83rd
| GDP_nominal = $10.028 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=55&pr.y=9&sy=2014&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=924&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=IMF estimates for 2014 GDP nominal}}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_rank = 2nd
| GDP_nominal_year = 2014
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,333<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 82nd
| GDP_PPP_year = 2014
| GDP_PPP = $14.625 trillion<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=55&pr.y=9&sy=2014&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=924&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=IMF estimates for 2014 GDP PPP}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank = 2nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,695<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 88th
| Gini_year = 2012
| Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini = 47.4 <!--number only-->
| Gini_ref = <ref name=gini>{{cite news |title=Income inequality: Delta blues |url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/analects/2013/01/income-inequality |work=The Economist |date=23 January 2013 |accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2013<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI = 0.719 <!--number only-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report Summary |date=2014 |accessdate=27 July 2014 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=21–25}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 91st
| currency = [[Renminbi|Renminbi (yuan)]](¥){{efn|The [[Hong Kong Dollar]] is used in [[Hong Kong]] and the [[Macanese pataca]] is used in [[Macau]].}}
| currency_code = CNY
| time_zone = [[China Standard Time]]
| utc_offset = +8
| date_format = {{vunblist |yyyy-mm-dd |''or'' yyyy{{lang|zh|年}}m{{lang|zh|月}}d{{lang|zh|日}} |([[Common Era|CE]]; [[Chinese calendar|CE-1949]])}}
| drives_on = right{{efn|Except [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]].}}
| cctld = {{vunblist| [[.cn]] |[[.中國]] |[[.中国]]}}
| calling_code = [[+86]]
}}
[[চিত্ৰ:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|thumbnail|চীনৰ জাতীয় পতাকা]]
'''চীন''' (সৰল চীন ভাষাত:中国) পূব এছিয়াৰ এখন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। ১৩০ কোটি জনসংখ্যাৰ অধিকাৰী চীন পৃথিবীৰ সবাতোকৈ জনবহুল আৰু আয়তনৰ দিশৰ পৰা এছিয়াৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। ইয়াৰ আয়তন প্ৰায় মাৰ্কিন যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ সমান। পৃথিৱীৰ ৩য় বৃহত্তম ৰাষ্ট্ৰ চীনৰ উত্তৰে আছে [[মঙ্গোলিয়া]]; উত্তৰ পূবে [[ৰাছিয়া]] আৰু উত্তৰে [[কোৰিয়া]]; পূবে চীন সাগৰ; দক্ষিণে [[ভিয়েটনাম]], [[লাওছ]], [[ম্যানমাৰ]], [[ভাৰত]], [[ভূটান]], [[নেপাল]]; দক্ষিণ পশ্চিম দিশে [[পাকিস্তান]]; পশ্চিমে [[আফগানিস্তান]], [[তাজিকিস্তান]], [[কিৰ্গিজিস্তান]] আৰু [[কাজাকিস্তান]]। এই ১৪খন দেশৰ উপৰিও চীনৰ পূবত পীত সাগৰৰ ওচৰত [[দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়া]] আৰু [[জাপান]] আছে; দক্ষিণ চীন সাগৰৰ বিপৰীত দিশত আছে [[ফিলিপাইন]]।
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