ৰাসায়নিক অভিযান্ত্ৰিকী: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

Mrigunath (আলোচনা) সম্পাদিত 141352 সংশোধনটি বাতিল কৰক
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[[Image:Colonne distillazione.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Chemical engineers design, construct and operate plants.]]
 
'''ৰসায়নিক অভিযন্ত্ৰণ''' ({{lang-en|Chemical Engineering}}, কেমিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং) হ'ল প্ৰকৃতি অথবা ব্যৱহাৰিক বিঞ্জানবিজ্ঞান ([[ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞান]] আৰু [[পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান]]), জৈৱ বিজ্ঞান ([[জীৱবিজ্ঞান]], [[অণুজীৱবিজ্ঞান]],[[ জৈৱৰসায়ন]])ৰ সতে [[গণিতবিদ্যা]] আৰু [[অৰ্থনীতিৰঅৰ্থনীতি]] সমন্বয়ত গঢ় লোৱা অভিযান্ৰিক বিষয়ৰ এটা শাখা য'ত বিভিন্ন ৰাসায়নিক পদাৰ্থ আৰু শক্তিৰ উৎপাদন, পৰিৱৰ্তন , পৰিবহণ আৰু সঠিক প্ৰয়োগৰ বিষয়ে শিকোৱা হয়হয়। ।এইএই বিভাগত ঘাইকৈ বিভিন্ন ৰাসায়নিক পদাৰ্থ,শক্তি আৰু উৎপাদন পদ্ধতিৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা হয়হয়। ।আধুনিকআধুনিক ৰসায়নিক অভিযন্তাসকল ন ন প্ৰায়োগিক পদ্ধতি আৰু পদাৰ্থৰ সতে জড়িত যিবোৰ [[নেন'প্ৰযুক্তি]], [[ইন্ধন কোষ]] আৰু [[জৈৱঅভিযন্ত্ৰণ]]জৈৱ অভিযন্ত্ৰণ বিষয়সমূহৰ বাবে অতীৱ প্ৰয়োজনীয় ।
 
===Etymology===
[[File:Davis GE.jpg|thumb|150px|George E. Davis.]]
 
A 1996 ''[[British Journal for the History of Science]]'' article cites James F. Donnelly for mentioning an 1839 reference to chemical engineering in relation to the production of [[sulfuric acid]].{{sfn|Cohen|1996|p=172}} In the same paper however, [[George E. Davis]], an [[United Kingdom|English]] consultant, was credited for having coined the term.{{sfn|Cohen|1996|p=174}} The ''History of Science in United States: An Encyclopedia'' puts this at around 1890.{{sfn|Reynolds|2001|p=176}} "Chemical engineering", describing the use of mechanical equipment in the chemical industry, became common vocabulary in [[England]] after 1850.{{sfn|Cohen|1996|p=186}} By 1910, the profession, "chemical engineer," was already in common use in Britain and the United States.{{sfn|Perkins|2003|p=20}}
 
==ইতিহাস==
==History==
{{main|:en:History of chemical engineering}}
 
Chemical engineering emerged upon the development of [[unit operations]], a fundamental concept of the discipline chemical engineering. Most authors agree that Davis invented unit operations if not substantially developed it.{{sfn|Cohen|1996|pp=172–173}} He gave a series of lectures on unit operations at the [[Manchester Technical School]] ([[University of Manchester]] today) in 1887, considered to be one of the earliest such about chemical engineering.{{sfn|Cohen|1996|p=175}} Three years before Davis' lectures, [[Henry Edward Armstrong]] taught a degree course in chemical engineering at the [[City and Guilds of London Institute]]. Armstrong's course "failed simply because its graduates ... were not especially attractive to employers." Employers of the time would have rather hired chemists and [[mechanical engineers]].{{sfn|Reynolds|2001|p=176}} Courses in chemical engineering offered by [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) in the United States, [[Owen's College]] in [[Manchester]], [[England]] and [[University College London]] suffered under similar circumstances.{{sfn|Cohen|1996|p=178}}
 
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==Concepts==
{{chemical engineering}}
 
Chemical engineering involves the application of several principles. Key concepts are presented below.
 
===Chemical reaction engineering===
{{main|:en:Chemical reaction engineering}}
 
Chemical engineering involves managing plant processes and conditions to ensure optimal plant operation. Chemical reaction engineers construct models for reactor analysis and design using laboratory data and physical parameters, such as [[chemical thermodynamics]], to solve problems and predict reactor performance.{{sfn|Carberry|2001|pp=1–2}}
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===Process design===
{{main|:en:Process design}}
 
A unit operation is a physical step in an individual chemical engineering process. Unit operations (such as [[crystallization]], [[drying]] and [[evaporation]]) are used to prepare reactants, purifying and separating its products, recycling unspent reactants, and controlling energy transfer in reactors.{{sfn|McCabe|Smith|Hariott|1993|p=4}} On the other hand, a unit process is the chemical equivalent of a unit operation. Along with unit operations, unit processes constitute a process operation. Unit processes (such as [[nitration]] and [[oxidation]]) involve the conversion of material by [[biochemical]], [[thermochemical]] and other means. Chemical engineers responsible for these are called process engineers.{{sfn|Silla|2003|pp=8–9}}
 
===Transport phenomena===
{{main|:en:Transport phenomena}}
 
Transport phenomena occur frequently in industrial problems. These include [[fluid dynamics]], [[heat transfer]] and [[mass transfer]], which mainly concern [[momentum transfer]], [[energy transfer]] and transport of [[chemical species]] respectively. Basic equations for describing the three phenomena in the [[macroscopic scale|macroscopic]], [[microscopic scale|microscopic]] and [[molecular]] levels are very similar. Thus, understanding transport phenomena requires thorough understanding of mathematics.{{sfn|Bird|Stewart|Lightfoot|2002|pp=1–2}}
 
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{{Col-end}}
 
==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ==
==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}