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ৰাজা ৰবি বৰ্মা: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

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{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = ৰাজা ৰবি বৰ্মা
| image = Ravivarma1.png
| caption =
| Date of birth = {{Birth-date|df=yes|29২৯ Aprilএপ্ৰিল, 1848}}<ref১৮৪৮
| birth_place = কিলিমানুৰ, ট্ৰেভানক'ৰ
name="Joshi1985">{{cite book|last=Joshi|first=Om Prakash|title=Sociology of Indian art|year=1985|publisher=Rawat Publications|page=40}}</ref><ref name=tt>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main2.htm|title=A great painter, no doubt, but controversial too|publisher=Spectrum–The Tribune|date=28 April 2002|author=K.R.N. Swamy|accessdate=28 October 2014}}</ref>
| death_date = ৫ অক্টোবৰ, ১৯০৬<ref name=tt/> (aged 58)
| birth_place = [[Kilimanoor]], [[Travancore]]
| death_place = [[:en:Attingal|আত্তিঙ্গল]], ট্ৰেভানক'ৰ, বৃটিছ ভাৰত
| death_date = {{death-date|5 October 1906}}<ref name=tt/> (aged 58)
| occupation = চিত্ৰশিল্পী, কলাকাৰ
| death_place = [[Attingal]],<ref name=tt/> [[Travancore]], [[British Raj]]
| occupation = চিত্ৰশিপ্লী, কলাকাৰ
| networth =
| website =
| signature = Raja Ravi Varma signature.png
}}
[[File:Ravi Varma-Ravana Sita Jathayu.jpg|thumb|[[Jatayu (Ramayana)|Jatayu]] struck down by [[Ravana]] from [[Ramayana]]]]
'''ৰাজা ৰবি বৰ্মা'''(২৯ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯৪৮-২ অক্টোবৰ, ১৯০৬) ভাৰতৰ ট্ৰেভানক'ৰ([[:en:Travencore|Travancore]]) নামৰ দেশীয় ৰাজ্য([[:en:princely state|princely state]])(বৰ্তমান দক্ষিণ কেৰেলা আৰু তামিলনাডুৰ কিছু অংশ) এখনৰ এজন বিখ্যাত চিত্ৰশিল্পী আৰু কলাকাৰ আছিল। মহাভাৰত আৰু ৰামায়ণ মহাকাব্য দুখনকে ধৰি ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি আৰু পৌৰাণিক কথা বিষয়ৰ চিত্ৰকৰ্মবোৰৰ বাবে তেওঁ খ্যাতি লভিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় কলাৰ ইতিহাসত তেওঁক এজন অন্যতম মহান চিত্ৰশিল্পী হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়। তেওঁৰ চিত্ৰকৰ্মবোৰক ভাৰতীয় পৰম্পৰা আৰু ইউৰোপীয় একাডেমিক আৰ্টৰ([[:en:academic art|academic art]])ৰীতিৰ সংমিশ্ৰণৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ উদাহৰণ হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হয়। বৰ্মাৰ চিত্ৰকৰ্মবোৰত শাৰী পৰিহিত নাৰীক এক সৌষ্ঠৱপূৰ্ণ ৰূপত অংকিত কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ই সেইসময়ৰ এক ধাৰালৈ পৰিণত হৈছিল যিবোৰৰ প্ৰতিলিপি বহু ঘৰত দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। <ref name="Mitter1994">{{cite book|last=Mitter|first=Partha|title=Art and nationalism in colonial India, 1850–1922: occidental orientations|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9mRTtkri8E0C&pg=PA179|accessdate=12 December 2011|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44354-8|pages=179–215|chapter=5 – The Artist as Charismatic Individual – Raja Ravi Varma}}</ref>
'''ৰাজা ৰবি বৰ্মা'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Restoring works of art|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900840200.htm|publisher=The Hindu|accessdate=18 April 2015}}</ref> (২৯ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯৪৮- ২ অক্টোবৰ, ১৯০৬) ভাৰতৰ ট্ৰেভানক'ৰ ([[:en:Travencore|Travancore]]) নামৰ দেশীয় ৰাজ্য([[:en:princely state|princely state]]) (বৰ্তমান দক্ষিণ কেৰেলা আৰু তামিলনাডুৰ কিছু অংশ) এখনৰ এজন বিখ্যাত চিত্ৰশিল্পী আৰু কলাকাৰ আছিল। [[মহাভাৰত]] আৰু [[ৰামায়ণ]] মহাকাব্য দুখনকে ধৰি ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি আৰু পৌৰাণিক কথা বিষয়ৰ চিত্ৰকৰ্মবোৰৰ বাবে তেওঁ খ্যাতি লভিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় কলাৰ ইতিহাসত তেওঁক এজন অন্যতম মহান চিত্ৰশিল্পী হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়। তেওঁৰ চিত্ৰকৰ্মবোৰক ভাৰতীয় পৰম্পৰা আৰু ইউৰোপীয় ([[:en:academic art|একাডেমিক আৰ্টৰ]]) ৰীতিৰ সংমিশ্ৰণৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ উদাহৰণ হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হয়। বৰ্মাৰ চিত্ৰকৰ্মবোৰত শাৰী পৰিহিত নাৰীক এক সৌষ্ঠৱপূৰ্ণ ৰূপত অংকিত কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ই সেইসময়ৰ এক ধাৰালৈ পৰিণত হৈছিল যিবোৰৰ প্ৰতিলিপি বহু ঘৰত দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। <ref name="Mitter1994">{{cite book|last=Mitter|first=Partha|title=Art and nationalism in colonial India, 1850–1922: occidental orientations|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9mRTtkri8E0C&pg=PA179|accessdate=12 December 2011|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44354-8|pages=179–215|chapter=5 – The Artist as Charismatic Individual – Raja Ravi Varma}}</ref>
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== Personal life ==
==তথ্যসূত্ৰ==
Raja Ravi Varma was born '''Ravi Varma Coil Thampuran''' on 29th April, 1848 <ref name=pal>{{cite book|last1=PAL|first1=DEEPANJANA|title=THE PAINTER|date=2011|publisher=Random House India|isbn=9788184002614|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BRZ-013-2bQC|accessdate=18 April 2015}}</ref> in [[Kilimanoor palace]] in the erstwhile [[Travancore|Thiruvithankur]] in [[Kerala]]. His father Ezhumavil Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad was an accomplished scholar, who hailed from the [[Ernakulam]] district in Kerala. His mother Umayamba Thamburatty was a poet and writer whose work ''Parvati Swayamvaram'' was published by Varma after her death. Ravi Varma had 3 siblings namely Goda Varma (born 1854), [[C. Raja Raja Varma|Raja Varma]] (born 1860) and Mangala Bayi, who was also a painter. As per the [[Marumakkathayam]] tradition, the name of the maternal uncle (Raja Raja Varma) was prefixed to his name and later he was referred to as Raja Ravi Varma.<ref name="The Diary of C. Rajaraja Varma"/>
 
Varma was married to Puratathi thirunal Bhageerathi Thamburatty of the royal house of [[Mavelikkara]] and they had two sons and three daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma, born in 1876 went missing in 1912 and was never heard of again. Their second son Rama Varma (born 1879), an artist who studied at the [[JJ School of Arts]], [[Mumbai]], married to Gowri Kunjamma, sister of [[Dewan]] [[PGN Unnithan]]. Varma's eldest daughter, Ayilyam Nal Mahaprabha, appears in two of his prominent paintings and was mother of Maharani Pooradam thirunal [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]], the [[Regent]] of [[Travancore]]. Their second daughter, Thiruvadira Nal Kochukunji was the mother of Amma Maharani Moolam Thirunal [[Sethu Parvathi Bayi]] and the grandmother of Maharajah [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]]. Their third daughter, born in 1882, was Ayilyam Nal Cheria Kochamma.
 
His descendants comprise the [[Mavelikara]] Royal house while two of his grand daughters, including the said [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]] and [[Sethu Parvathi Bayi]], were adopted to the [[Travancore Royal Family]], the cousin family of the Mavelikara House, to which lineage the present Travancore Maharajah (Titular), [[Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma]], belonged. Well known among his descendants are writers [[Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]], [[Shreekumar Varma]], artist [[Rukmini Varma]] and classical musician [[Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma]] among others.
 
{{clear}}
 
==Art career==
Varma was patronized by [[Ayilyam Thirunal]], the then [[Maharajah of Travancore]] and began formal training thereafter.<ref name="The Diary of C. Rajaraja Varma">"The Diary of C. Rajaraja Varma"</ref> He learned the basics of painting in [[Madurai]]. Later, he was trained in water painting by Rama Swami Naidu and in [[oil painting]] by Dutch portraitist Theodor Jenson.
 
[[File:Raja Ravi Verma Studio Vadodara.jpg|thumb|300px|left|The studio used by Varma during his stay at the [[Laxmi Vilas Palace]]]]
 
The British administrator [[Edgar Thurston]] was significant in promoting the careers of Varma and his brother.<ref>{{cite book |title=Art and Nationalism in Colonial India, 1850-1922: Occidental Orientations |first=Partha |last=Mitter |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-52144-354-8 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9mRTtkri8E0C&pg=PA69 |pages=69, 193, 208}}</ref> Varma received widespread acclaim after he won an award for an exhibition of his paintings at [[Vienna]] in 1873. Varma's paintings were also sent to the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] held in Chicago in 1893 and he was awarded three gold medals.<ref>Kilimanoor Chandran, ''Ravi Varmayum Chitrakalayum''(in Malayalam), Department of Culture, Kerala, 1998.</ref> He travelled throughout [[India]] in search of subjects. He often modelled [[Hindu]] [[Goddess]]es on [[South India]]n women, whom he considered beautiful. Ravi Varma is particularly noted for his paintings depicting episodes from the story of [[Dushyanta]] and [[Shakuntala]], and [[Nala]] and [[Damayanti]], from the [[Mahabharata]]. Ravi Varma's representation of [[mythological]] characters has become a part of the Indian imagination of the epics. He is often criticized for being too showy and sentimental in his style but his work remains very popular in India. Many of his fabulous paintings are housed at [[Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vadodara|first1=Lakshmi Vilas Palace|title=Raja Ravi Varma Paintings, Vadodara|url=http://www.historyofvadodara.in/2008/05/Raja-Ravi-Varma-Paintings-Vadodara.html|website=www.historyofvadodara.in}}</ref>
 
==Raja Ravi Varma Press==
[[File:Ravi Varma-Lady Giving Alms at the Temple.jpg|thumb|''Lady Giving Alms at the Temple'']]
Apparently on the advice of the then Dewan (Prime Minister) of [[Travancore]], [[T. Madhava Rao]], Ravi Varma started a lithographic printing press in [[Ghatkopar]], Mumbai in 1894 and later shifted it to Malavli near [[Lonavala]], Maharashtra in 1899. The press was managed by Varma's brother, Raja Varma. In 1901 the press was sold to his printing technician from Germany, Mr. Schleicher and later closed down after it was gutted in an accidental fire.<ref>Raja Ravi Varma Prints - Google Sites http://sites.google.com/site/ravivarmalithos/</ref> The [[oleographs]] produced by the press were mostly of Hindu gods and goddesses in scenes adapted mainly from the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Ramayana]]'' and the ''[[Puranas]]''. These oleographs were very popular and continued to be printed in thousands for many years, even after the 1906 death of Ravi Varma.
 
==Honours==
In 1904, [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy]] [[Lord Curzon]], on behalf of the British King Emperor, bestowed upon Varma the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal]]. A college dedicated to [[fine art]]s was also constituted in his honour at [[Mavelikara]], [[Kerala]]. Raja Ravi Varma High School at [[Kilimanoor]] was named after him and there are many cultural organizations throughout India bearing his name. In 2013, the crater Varma on [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] was named in his honor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature|url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15146}}</ref> Considering his vast contribution to [[Indian art]], the Government of Kerala has instituted an award called "Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram", which is awarded every year to people who show excellence in the field of art and culture. -->
 
==প্ৰধান কলাকৰ্ম==
ৰবি বৰ্মা শীৰ্ষস্থানীয় কলাকৰ্মৰ তালিকা এখন তলত দিয়া হ'ল:
{{Div col|3}}
* ''ভিলেজ বেলে''
* ''লেডী লষ্ট ইন থট্'' (Lady Lost in Thought)
* ''দময়ন্তী টকিং টু এ স্বান'' (Damayanti Talking to a Swan''
* ''দ্য অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা''
* ''অৰ্জুন এণ্ড সুভদ্ৰা''
* ''দ্য হাৰ্টব্ৰ'কেন''
* ''[[:en:Swarbat|চাৰাবট]] প্লেয়াৰ''
* ''শকুন্তলা''
* ''লৰ্ড কৃষ্ণ এজ এম্বেছেদৰ''
* ''জটায়ু, এ বাৰ্ড ডেভ'টি অৱ লৰ্ড ৰাম ইজ মউল্ডেড বাই ৰাৱণ''
* ''ভিক্ট'ৰী অৱ ইন্দ্ৰজিৎ''
* ''দ্য জিপচীজ্''{{Attribution needed|date=August 2014}} <!-- title was changed by a new editor - please verify title -->
* ''এ লেডী প্লেয়িং চাৰবট''
* ''লেডী গিভিং আল্মচ্ এট দ্য টেম্পল'' (Lady Giving Alms at the Temple)
* ''Lord Rama Conquers [[Varuna]]''
* ''[[Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala]]''
* ''[[Nair]] Woman''
* ''Romancing Couple''
* ''[[Draupadi]] Dreading to Meet [[Kichaka]]''
* ''[[Shantanu]] and [[Matsyagandha]]''
* ''Shakuntala Composing a Love Letter to King [[Dushyanta]]''
* ''Girl in Sage Kanwa's Hermitage (Rishi-Kanya)''
*[[Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi]] of [[Kingdom of Travancore|Travancore]]
*''Sri Shanmukha Subramania Swami''
*''Woman holding a fan''
{{Div col end}}
''<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:Murugan by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg|[[Kartikeya|Sri Shanmukha Subramania Swami]]
Image:Saraswati.jpg|[[Saraswati]]
Image:Rama-Varuna.jpg|[[Rama|SriRama]] conquers [[Varuna]] from [[Ramayana]]
File:Ravi Varma-Princess Damayanthi talking with Royal Swan about Nala.jpg|[[Damayanti]] from [[Mahabharata]]
File:Ravi Varma-Shakuntala columbia.jpg|[[Shakuntala, Raja Ravi Varma|Shakuntala]] from [[Mahabharata]]
Image:Ravi Varma-Shantanu and Satyavati.jpg|[[Shantanu]] and [[Satyavati]] from [[Mahabharata]]
Image:Ravi Varma-Arjuna and Subhadra.jpg|[[Arjuna]] and [[Subhadra]] from [[Mahabharata]]
Image:Raja Ravi Varma, Simhika and Sairandhri.jpg|Simhaka and [[Draupadi|Sairandhri]] from [[Mahabharata]]
File:Rani Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi of Travancore (1848–1901).jpg| [[Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi]] of [[Kingdom of Travancore|Travancore]]
File:Woman holading a fan by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg|Woman holding a fan
File:Raja Ravi Varma, Galaxy of Musicians.jpg| Galaxy of Musicians
File:Raja Ravi Varma, The Maharashtrian Lady.jpg | The Maharashtrian Lady
File:Raja Ravi Varma, There Comes Papa (1893).jpg|Varma's daughter Mahaprabha with her daughter
File:Raja Ravi Varma - Woman Holding a Fruit - Google Art Project.jpg|Woman Holding a Fruit
File:Raja Ravi Varma - Portrait of a Lady - Google Art Project.jpg| Portrait of a Lady
</gallery>
 
==In popular culture==
* [[Bollywood]] film maker [[Ketan Mehta]] directed a movie ''[[Rang Rasiya]]'' on the life of Varma in 2014 in which [[Randeep Hooda]] played the role of the artist
* Indian director [[Lenin Rajendran]] made a Malayalam movie named ''[[Makaramanju]] (The Mist of Capricorn'') in 2010, which narrates Varma's life at a certain stage in his life. Indian director/cinematographer [[Santhosh Sivan]] played the lead role of Varma.
* The Marathi textbook of Maharashtra State Board contains a chapter titled 'अपूर्व भेट' meaning 'A Meeting Like Never Before' portraying Varma meeting [[Swami Vivekananda]]. It has been edited from the novel 'राजा रविवर्मा (Raja Ravi Varma)' written by [[Ranjit Desai]].
 
==Bibliography==
 
===English===
*Raja Ravi Varma: Painter of Colonial Indian by Rupika Chawla, Pub: Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, March 2010,
*Raja Ravi Varma – Oleographs Catalogueby Dr. D.Jegat Ishwari, Pub: ShriParasuraman, Chennai, 2010, ISBN 9788191002614
*Ravi Varma Classic: 2008, Genesis Art Foundation, Cochin-18;45 clour plate with text by Vijayakumar Menon.
*Raja Ravi Varma – The Most Celebrated Painter of India: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2007
*Raja Ravi Varma – The Painter Prince: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2003
*Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Gods of India, Erwin Neumayer & Christine Schelberger, New Delhi, [[Oxford University Press]], 2003
*Raja Ravi Varma: The Most Celebrated Painter of India : 1848 – 1906, Classic Collection, Vol I & II. Bangalore, Parsram Mangharam, 2005
*Raja Ravi Varma: Portrait of an Artist, The Diary of C. Raja Raja Varma/edited by Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2005
*Divine Lithography, Enrico Castelli and Giovanni Aprile, New Delhi, Il Tamburo Parlante Documentation Centre and Ethnographic Museum, 2005
*Photos of the Gods: The Printed Image and Political Struggle in India by Christopher Pinney. London, Reaktion Book, 2004
*Raja Ravi Varma:Raja Ravi Varma:E.M Joseph Venniyur,former director of AIR
*Raja Ravi Varma: A Novel,Ranjit Desai -Translated by Vikrant Pande, Pub: Harper Perennial (2013), ISBN 9789350296615
 
===Malayalam===
* Ravi Varma – A critical study by Vijayakumar Menon, Pub: Kerala Lalitha Kala Akademy, Trissur, 2002
* Raja Ravi Varmayum chitrkalayum, [[Kilimanoor Chandran]], Department of Cultural Publications, Kerala Government, 1999.
* Chithramezhuthu Koyithampuran, P. N. Narayana Pillai.
* Raja Ravi Varma, N. Balakrishnan Nair.
 
===Marathi===
* "Raja Ravi Varma", a novel by [[Marathi language]] novelist [[Ranjit Desai]] translated into English by Vikrant Pande.
raja ravi verma national gallery of Art new delhi
 
==লগতে চাওক==
* [[Hindu mythology]]
* [[Indian art]]
* [[Raja Ravi Varma College of Fine Arts]]
 
==টোকা আৰু তথ্য উৎস==
{{reflist}}
 
==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ==
<!--NO COMMERCIAL LINKS PLEASE-->
 
* [http://ravivarma.org Raja Ravi Varma Art Gallery]
* [http://www.ravivarmaoleographs.com Single Largest Collection Online]
* [http://www.cyberkerala.com/rajaravivarma/ Ravi Varma's Paintings]
* [http://ravi.varma.lithos.googlepages.com/ Largest collection of the Lithographs from the Ravi Varma Press]
* [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/art/raviverma/index.htm A Large Collection from Varma]
* [http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900240200.htm The Hindu: The royal artist by K.K. Gopalakrishnan]
* [http://www.barodaart.com/ 1000 Oleographs from Raja Ravi Varma Press shown as Slide show]
* [http://www.rajaofart.com Raja Ravi Varma: His Life, Paintings, Presses and Oleographs ]
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main2.htm ''The Tribune'' article about him]
<!--NO COMMERCIAL LINKS PLEASE-->
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