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1 নং শাৰী:
{{dablink|For guidelines on the use of categories in Wikipedia, see [[
{{Namespaces}}
6 নং শাৰী:
Categories are normally found at the bottom of an article page. Clicking the category name brings up a category page listing the articles (or other pages) that have been added to that particular category. There may also be a section listing the ''subcategories'' of that category. The subcategorization feature makes it possible to organize categories into tree-like structures to aid navigation.
== Summary ==
The MediaWiki software maintains tables of ''categories'', to which any editable page can be added. To add a page to a category, include "<tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Category:''Category name'']]</tt>" or "<tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Category:''Category name''|''Sortkey'']]</tt>" in that page's [[
A category is usually associated with a ''category page'' in the "Category:" [[
== Putting pages in categories ==
A page belongs to a category if the page's wikitext contains a declaration for that category. A category declaration takes the form <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Category:''Category name'']]</tt> or <tt><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Category:''Category name''|''Sortkey'']]</tt>. The declaration must be processed, i.e. it will not work if it appears between <nowiki>...</nowiki> or <includeonly>...</includeonly> tags, or in a comment. The declaration may however come from a [[
A category name can be any string that would be a legitimate [[
In Wikipedia, it is customary to place category declarations at the end of the wikitext, but before any [[
When a page has been added to one or more categories, a categories box appears at the bottom of the page (or possibly elsewhere, if a non-default [[
Hidden categories are not displayed, except as described below under [[#Hiding categories|Hiding categories]].
== Category pages ==
A category page is a page in the "Category:" namespace. The page "Category:''Name''" corresponds to the category called "''Name''". New category pages can be created like any other pages – by clicking on redlinks or entering the name in the search box and clicking "Go".
A category page can be edited like any other page. However, when it is displayed, the editable part of the page is followed by automatically generated lists of pages belonging to the category, as follows:
* First a count and list of subcategories (other category pages belonging to the category) is shown, if any exist. The name of each subcategory is followed by a count of its own subcategories. These further subcategories are displayed if the "+" sign alongside the subcategory is clicked.
* Next a count and list of pages in the category (excluding subcategories and images) is shown. If the category has no members, a message to that effect is displayed.
* Next a count and list of image and other media files in the category appears, if any exist. These are shown with thumbnails. The first 20 characters of the file name are shown, with an ellipsis if that is not the full name; also the file size is shown.
The items in the lists all link to the pages concerned; in the case of the images this applies both to the image itself and to the text below it (the name of the image).
34 নং শাৰী:
For the way in which the lists are ordered, see [[#Sort order|Sort order]] below. The first and second lists are divided into sections, according to the first character of the sort key. These initial characters are displayed above the sections. To suppress these, make all sort keys start with a space.
A category page can only display a limited number of items (currently 200). If more pages belong to the category, there will be a link to the next ones.
The categories box for the category page appears at the bottom, in the same place as for other pages. This contains the categories to which the current category page has been added, i.e. its ''parent categories'' (the categories of which it is a subcategory). Add a category page to other categories in the normal way, using the "<nowiki>[[</nowiki>Category:''Category name'']]" or "<nowiki>[[</nowiki>Category:''Category name''|''Sortkey'']]" syntax.
=== Linking to category pages ===
To link to a category page ''without'' putting the current page in that category, precede the link with a colon: <nowiki>[[</nowiki>:Category:''Category name'']]. Such a link can be [[
== Sort order ==
By default, a page is sorted under the first letter of its full name ''including the namespace''. Also, MediaWiki groups accented characters separately from their unaccented version, so pages starting by À, Á, Ä, will be listed under separate headings, instead of under heading A.
Unlike at [[
Each of the three lists (subcategories, pages, media files) is arranged in the order explained above (except that, in the subcategories list, the namespace indicator "Category:" is not considered). If an item ought to be positioned within a list on the basis of an alternative name (sort key) for that item, then this can be specified in the category tag that places the item in the list:
54 নং শাৰী:
<tt><pre>[[Category:People|Einstein, Albert]]</pre></tt>
Unlike with a [[
It is useful to document the system being used for sort keys on the category page. For guidelines about the use of sort keys on Wikipedia, see [[
=== Default sort key ===
{{see also|WP:NAMESORT}}
It is possible to set a default sort key which is different from <tt><nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki></tt> by using the [[
<tt><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:new key}}</nowiki></tt>
In the case of multiple default sort key tags, the last one on a page applies for all categories, regardless of the position of the category tags. This also means that a DEFAULTSORT tag in a template, intended for category tags in that template, for categorization of pages calling the template, is not effective if another DEFAULTSORT tag occurs later on these pages, even if it is also "hidden", in another template.{{huh}}
== Hiding categories ==
When the [[
However, hidden categories ''are'' displayed (although listed as hidden):
* on category pages (whether as parent categories or subcategories);
* at preview during editing;
* if the user has selected "Show hidden categories" in user preferences.
Hidden categories are automatically added to [[:Category:Hidden categories]].
For guidelines on the hiding of categories on Wikipedia, see [[
{{anchor|Adding a category by using a template}}
== Categories and templates ==
A template can be used to add pages to a category, usually by placing the category link inside ''<nowiki><includeonly></includeonly></nowiki>'' tags on the template (e.g. <code><nowiki><includeonly>[[Category:category name]]</includeonly></nowiki></code>).
Changes to the template, however, may not be reflected immediately on the category page.
To add the template itself to the category page as well, omit the "includeonly" tags. To add the template to a category ''without'' categorizing pages on which the template is transcluded, place the category declaration between <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags.
[[
;Passing a category by parameter:<nowiki><includeonly>[[Category:{{{cat|default}}}]]</includeonly></nowiki> or <nowiki><includeonly>{{{cat|[[Category:default]]}}}</includeonly></nowiki><br/>If the user provides a parameter 'cat=XXX' the page will be categorized at the page '''<nowiki>[[Category:XXX]]</nowiki>''', otherwise it will be categorized at the page '''<nowiki>[[Category:default]]</nowiki>'''. Calling the template with "cat=" (equal to nothing) disables putting the page in any category.
;Excluding non-article pages:<nowiki><includeonly>{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}} | | [[Category:XXX]]}}</includeonly></nowiki><br/>the variable NAMESPACE is null for mainspace articles.
On Wikipedia it is not recommended that templates be used to populate ordinary content categories of articles. See [[
== Categorizing redirect pages ==
Redirect pages can be categorized. The category tag must be placed after the redirect link. On a category page, redirects are listed in italics.
For conventions on the categorization of redirects in Wikipedia, see [[
== Moving and redirecting category pages ==
The only way to move a category page is to manually change all category tags that link to the category, and copy the editable part. There is no automatic way to move a category page in the way one moves an article page. For categories entirely populated through templates (see above) modifying the templates enables all affected articles to be moved to another category, but with the refresh problem mentioned. Almost all category "moves" are made pursuant to a consensus decision at [[
Redirecting a category page is possible, but will not cause pages to be recategorized from the redirected category to the target. On Wikipedia [[
== Searching for articles in categories ==
In addition to browsing through hierarchies of categories, it is possible to use the search tool to find specific articles in specific categories. To search for articles in a specific category, type '''incategory:"''CategoryName''"''' in the search box.
An "OR" can be added to join the contents of one category with the contents of another. For example, enter
::<tt>incategory:"Suspension bridges"
to return all pages that belong to either (or both) of the categories, as [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=incategory%3A%22Suspension+bridges%22+OR+incategory%3A%22Bridges+in+New+York+City%22&ns0=1&fulltext=Search here].
Note that using search to find categories will not find articles which have been categorized using templates.
== "Related Changes" with categories ==
For a category, the "[[
Notice that "Related Changes" does ''not'' list recent changes to pages linked from the editable part of the category page (as it would normally, with a non-category page). (If a workaround is required for this, the links in question could be placed in a template and transcluded onto the category page.)
As usual (unlike with [[
"Related Changes" can be used to find pages which have recently been added to a category (unless they were added through modification of a template; then [[
The [[mw:Extension:DynamicPageList (third-party)|DynamicPageList (third-party)]] extension
== Listing all categories ==
[[
The above list contains all categories that have members, regardless of whether they have corresponding category pages. To list all existing category pages (regardless of whether they have members), use [[
== Displaying category trees and page counts ==
As described at [[mw:Help:Magic words]], <tt><nowiki>{{</nowiki>PAGESINCATEGORY:''Example''}}</tt> or <tt><nowiki>{{</nowiki>PAGESINCAT:''Example''}}</tt> returns the number of pages in "Category:Example". Each subcategory counts as one page; pages in subcategories are not counted.
The page [[
The [[mw:Extension:CategoryTree|CategoryTree extension]] can be used to display such a tree on any page. (This is sometimes done on the category page itself, if the category is split over multiple screens, to make all subcategories available on every screen.) The basic syntax is
* <code><nowiki><categorytree></nowiki>''Category name''<nowiki></categorytree></nowiki></code>
to display just the subcategory tree, and
* <code><nowiki><categorytree mode=pages></nowiki>''Category name''<nowiki></categorytree></nowiki></code>
to display member pages as well.
[[
== Retrieving category information ==
Raw information about the members of a category, their sortkeys and timestamps (time when last added to the category) can be obtained from the [[mw:API|API]], using a query of the form:
:<nowiki>http</nowiki>://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?cmtitle=Category:''Category_name''&action=query&list=categorymembers&cmlimit=500&cmprop=title|sortkey|timestamp
Listings of up to 500 members are possible. If there are more members then the results will include text near the end like this: <
This can be added to the previous one, without quotation marks, for the next page of members:
== Category intersection, union, etc. ==
Various MediaWiki extensions allow intersection of categories, union of categories, display of info about the pages in a category, and more:
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** intersection of categories and complements of categories
** provides the time of last edit for each page
* [http://toolserver.org/~dschwen/intersection/ Category-/Linkintersection] -
They all also allow further restriction to a namespace; some allow also restriction to a union of namespaces, or the complement of a union of namespaces. They all allow the info to be displayed in any page, not just a separate category page.
See also [[
For ''category flattening'' (displaying the articles in a category's subcategories, sub-subcategories, etc.) see *[http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Inferencing#Subcategories category flattening with Semantic MediaWiki]. See also [[m:Category flatten]], and [http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1497 Wikimedia bug 1497].
[[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া কেনেকৈ কৰিব]]
[[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন]]
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