ভূপাল দুৰ্ঘটনা: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

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<ref name="MandavilliUnfolding" /><ref name="convictions">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8725140.stm|title=Bhopal trial: Eight convicted over India gas disaster |date=7 June 2010|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=7 June 2010| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607185745/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8725140.stm| archivedate= 7 June 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

 

A government affidavit in 2006 stated that the leak caused 558,125 injuries, including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.<ref name="first3">{{cite news |url=http://www.first14.com/bhopal-gas-tragedy-92-injuries-termed-minor-822.html |title=Bhopal Gas Tragedy: 92% injuries termed "minor" |accessdate=26 June 2010 |newspaper=First14 News |date=21 June 2010 |author=AK Dubey |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624104141/http://www.first14.com/bhopal-gas-tragedy-92-injuries-termed-minor-822.html |archivedate=24 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Others estimate that 8,000 died within two weeks, and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas-related diseases.<ref name="Eckerman2005"/> The cause of the disaster remains under debate. The Indian government and local activists argue that slack management and deferred maintenance created a situation where routine pipe maintenance caused a backflow of water into a MIC tank, triggering the disaster. [[Union Carbide Corporation]] (UCC) argues water entered the tank through an act of sabotage.

 

Civil and criminal cases filed in the United States against UCC and [[Warren Anderson (American businessman)|Warren Anderson]], UCC CEO at the time of the disaster, were dismissed and redirected to Indian courts on multiple occasions between 1986 and 2012, as the US courts focused on UCIL being a standalone entity of India. Civil and criminal cases were also filed in the [[District Courts of India|District Court]] of Bhopal, India, involving UCC, UCIL and UCC CEO Anderson.<ref>{{cite news |work=New York Times|title=Company Defends Chief in Bhopal Disaster |url=http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/03/company-defends-chief-in-bhopal-disaster/ | date=3 August 2009 | accessdate=26 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |publisher=[[CBS News]] |title=U.S. Exec Arrest Sought in Bhopal Disaster |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/07/31/world/main5201155.shtml | date=31 July 2009 |accessdate=26 April 2010}}</ref> In June 2010, seven Indian nationals who were UCIL employees in 1984, including the former UCIL chairman, were convicted in Bhopal of causing death by negligence and sentenced to two years imprisonment and a fine of about $2,000 each, the maximum punishment allowed by [[Law of India|Indian law]]. All were released on bail shortly after the verdict. An eighth former employee was also convicted, but died before the judgement was passed.<ref name="convictions" />

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==Background==

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