আম: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

টেগ্‌: ম'বাইল সম্পাদনা ম'বাইল ৱে'ব সম্পাদনা উচ্চতৰ ম'বাইল সম্পাদনা
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1 নং শাৰী:
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{{taxobox
| name = আম
| image = Mango BNC.jpg
| image_width =
| image_caption =
| status =
| status_system =
| staus_ref =
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| ordo = [[Sapindales]]
| familia = [[Anacardiaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Mangifera]]''
| species = '''''M. indica'''''
| binomial = ''Mangifera indica''
| binomial_authority = [[L.]]
|}}
'''আম''' ({{Lang-en|Mango}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম: ''Mangifera indica'') হৈছে 'Mangifera' গোত্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত এবিধ ৰসাল ফলধৰা উদ্ভিদ। এই উদ্ভিদবিধ দক্ষিণ এছিয়াত স্থানীয়ভাৱে দেখা পোৱা যায়। আমে [[ভাৰত]]বৰ্ষ আৰু [[ফিলিপাইন]]ছৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফল আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বৃক্ষ (national tree) হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি পাইছে।<ref name="bdnews24.com">[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree Mango tree National Tree]</ref>
 
[[File:Apple mango and cross section edit1.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Amor moli mango flower.jpg|thumb|আমে মলিয়াইছে।]]
আম ({{Lang-en|'''Mango'''}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-Mangifera indica, 'Mangifera' গোত্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত এবিধ ৰসাল ফলধৰা উদ্ভিদ৷ এই উদ্ভিদবিধ দক্ষিণ এছিয়াত স্থানীয়ভাৱে দেখা পোৱা যায়৷ আমে [[ভাৰত]]বৰ্ষ আৰু [[ফিলিপাইন]]ছৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফল আৰু বাংলাদেশৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বৃক্ষ (national tree) হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি পাইছে৷<ref name="bdnews24.com">[http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree Mango tree National Tree]</ref>
 
==নামকৰণ==
আমৰ ইংৰাজী নাম অৰ্থাৎ "mango" তামিল শব্দ ' ''māṅgai'' বা ''mankay' ''অথবা মালায়ালম শব্দ 'māṅga' শব্দৰ পৰা উৎপত্তি হোৱা বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হয়।<ref>[[Walter William Skeat]], [http://books.google.com/books?id=u2oPAAAAYAAJ&q=mango+tamil+etymology&dq=mango+tamil+etymology&hl=en&ei=77pPTojFFoOGrAfUpN2sAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjgK Notes on English etymology]</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/362003/mango Mango] at [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]</ref><ref name="merriam-webster1">[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mango Mango] [[Merriam Webster Dictionary]]. <br />''"Origin of mango: Portuguese manga, probably from Malayalam māṅga. First Known Use: 1582"''</ref><ref name="definition">{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mango |title=Definition for mango - Oxford Dictionaries Online (World English) |publisher=Oxforddictionaries.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-17}}</ref>
[[File:Green Mango Rezowan.JPG|thumbnail|right|কেচা আম]]
আমৰ ইংৰাজী নাম অৰ্থাৎ "mango" তামিল শব্দ ' ''māṅgai'' বা ''mankay' ''অথবা মালায়ালম শব্দ 'māṅga' শব্দৰ পৰা উৎপত্তি হোৱা বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হয়৷ <ref>[[Walter William Skeat]], [http://books.google.com/books?id=u2oPAAAAYAAJ&q=mango+tamil+etymology&dq=mango+tamil+etymology&hl=en&ei=77pPTojFFoOGrAfUpN2sAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjgK Notes on English etymology]</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/362003/mango Mango] at [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]</ref><ref name="merriam-webster1">[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mango Mango] [[Merriam Webster Dictionary]]. <br />''"Origin of mango: Portuguese manga, probably from Malayalam māṅga. First Known Use: 1582"''</ref><ref name="definition">{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mango |title=Definition for mango - Oxford Dictionaries Online (World English) |publisher=Oxforddictionaries.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-17}}</ref>
 
==বিৱৰণ==
আম এবিধ বৃক্ষজাতীয় উদ্ভিদ। ইয়াৰ উচ্চতা প্ৰায় ৩৫-৪০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত হ'ব পাৰে। এই গছবিধ বহুদিন জীয়াই থাকে। কিছুমান আমগছ ৩০০ বছৰ পৰ্যন্ত ফল ধাৰণ কৰিব পৰা অৱস্থাতে থকাৰো তথ্য পোৱা যায়। আমগছৰ পাত চিৰসেউজীয়া, সৰল আৰু alternate হয়। এটা পাত সাধাৰণতে দীঘলে ১৫-৩৫ ছে:মি: আৰু বহলে ৬-১৬ ছে:মি: হয়। কুমলীয়া পাতৰ বৰণ কমলা-গুলপীয়া। পুৰঠ হোৱাৰ লগে লগে এই ৰং সলনি হৈ গাঢ় ৰঙা হৈ সেউজীয়া হৈ পৰে। ফুলৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ১০-৮০ ছে:মি: হয়। আমৰ ফলৰ বৰণ আৰু আকাৰ পুৰঠ হোৱাৰ লগে লগে সলনি হয়।
[[Image:Mango tree Kerala in full bloom.jpg|thumb|left|ভাৰতৰ কেৰেলাত ফুল ফুলি থকা এজোপা আম গছ]]
আম এবিধ বৃক্ষজাতীয় উদ্ভিদ৷ ইয়াৰ উচ্চতা প্ৰায় ৩৫-৪০ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত হ'ব পাৰে৷ এই গছবিধ বহুদিন জীয়াই থাকে৷ কিছুমান আমগছ ৩০০ বছৰ পৰ্যন্ত ফল ধাৰণ কৰিব পৰা অৱস্থাতে থকাৰো তথ্য পোৱা যায়৷ আমগছৰ পাত চিৰসেউজীয়া, সৰল আৰু alternate হয়৷ এটা পাত সাধাৰণতে দীঘলে ১৫-৩৫ ছে:মি: আৰু বহলে ৬-১৬ ছে:মি: হয়৷ কুমলীয়া পাতৰ বৰণ কমলা-গুলপীয়া ৷ পুৰঠ হোৱাৰ লগে লগে এই ৰং সলনি হৈ গাঢ় ৰঙা হৈ সেউজীয়া হৈ পৰে৷ ফুলৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ১০-৮০ ছে:মি: হয়৷
 
আমৰ ফলৰ বৰণ আৰু আকাৰ পুৰঠ হোৱাৰ লগে লগে সলনি হয়৷
 
 
<!--
The ripe fruit varies in size and color. [[Cultivar]]s are variously yellow, orange, red or green, and carry a single flat, oblong pit that can be [[fibre|fibrous]] or hairy on the surface, and which does not separate easily from the pulp. Ripe, unpeeled mangoes give off a distinctive [[resin]]ous, sweet smell. Inside the pit {{convert|1|–|2|mm|in|abbr=on}} thick is a thin lining covering a single [[seed]], {{convert|4|–|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. The seed contains the plant embryo.
 
==খেতি==
 
[[Image:MangoTree.jpeg|thumb|right|Mango orchard in [[Multan]], [[Pakistan]]|alt=Photo of mango trees with clear sky in background]]
Mangoes have been cultivated in South Asia for thousands of years and reached [[East Asia]] between the fifth and fourth centuries BC. By the 10th century AD, cultivation had begun in [[East Africa]]. The 14th century [[Morocco|Moroccan]] traveler, [[Ibn Battuta]], reported it at [[Mogadishu]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Watson, Andrew J. |title=Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world: the diffusion of crops and farming techniques, 700–1100 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1983 |pages=72–3 |isbn=0-521-24711-X }}</ref> Cultivation came later to [[Brazil]], the [[West Indies]] and [[Mexico]], where an appropriate climate allows its growth.
 
The mango is now cultivated in most [[frost]]-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates; almost half of the world's mangoes are cultivated in India alone, with the second-largest source being [[China]].<ref name=jedele>{{cite web |last1=Jedele |first1= S. |last2=Hau |first2=A.M. |last3=von Oppen |first3=M. |title=An analysis of the world market for mangoes and its importance for developing countries. Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development, 2003 |url=http://www.tropentag.de/2003/abstracts/full/162.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name=rediff04>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/apr/21india.htm |title=India world's largest producer of mangoes, Rediff India Abroad, April 21, 2004 |publisher=Rediff.com |date=2004-12-31 |accessdate=2013-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4201 |title=Mad About mangoes: As exports to the U.S. resume, a juicy business opportunity ripens, India Knowledge@Wharton Network, June 14, 2007 |publisher=Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu |date=2007-06-14 |accessdate=2013-01-31}}</ref> Mangoes are also grown in Andalusia, Spain (mainly in [[Province of Málaga|Málaga province]]), as its coastal subtropical climate is one of the few places in mainland Europe that allows the growth of tropical plants and fruit trees. The Canary Islands are another notable Spanish producer of the fruit. Other cultivators include North America (in South Florida and California's Coachella Valley), South and [[Central America]], the [[Caribbean]], Hawai'i, south, west and central Africa, Australia, China, [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Southeast Asia]]. Though India is the largest producer of mangoes, it accounts for less than one percent of the international mango trade; India consumes most of its own production.<ref>[http://www.usaid.gov/in/newsroom/press_releases/may03_6p.htm USAID helps Indian mango farmers access new markets, USAID-India, May 3, 2006]{{dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref>
 
==খাদ্য হিচাপে==
Mangoes are generally sweet, although the taste and texture of the flesh varies across cultivars, some having a soft, pulpy texture similar to an overripe [[plum]], while others firmer, like a [[cantaloupe]] or [[avocado]] and some may have a fibrous texture. For consumption of unripe, pickled or cooked fruit, its skin can be consumed but has potential to cause contact [[dermatitis]] of the lips, [[gingiva]] or tongue in susceptible people. Under-ripe mangoes can be ripened by refrigeration for 4–5 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drgourmet.com/ingredients/mangos.shtml|title=Ingredients - Mangoes|publisher=DrGourmet.com|accessdate=2011-07-20}}</ref>
 
[[File:Sliced-cubed Mango 01.jpg|thumb|left|Sliced-cubed Mango 01|The "hedgehog" style is a form of mango preparation.|alt=A halved, inside-out mango is cut in a grid pattern, still attached to the peel. The mango is inside-out, causing the resulting rectangles of fruit to splay out in a pattern similar to the tentacles of a sea urchin.]]
Mangoes are used in preserves such as ''[[moramba]]'', ''[[amchur]]'' (dried and powdered unripe mango) and pickles, including a spicy mustard-oil pickle and alcohol. Ripe mangoes are often cut into thin layers, [[desiccate]]d, folded, and then cut. These bars are similar to dried [[guava]] fruit bars available in some countries. The fruit is also added to cereal products such as [[muesli]] and oat [[granola]].
 
Mango is used to make [[juices]], [[smoothie]]s, [[ice cream]], fruit bars, ''[[raspado]]s'', ''[[aguas frescas]]'', [[pie]]s and sweet [[chili sauce]], or mixed with ''[[chamoy]]'', a sweet and spicy chili paste.
=== পোষকদ্ৰৱ্য ===
[[File:Mango Saigon Asit ftg.jpg|thumb|left|[[Saigon mangoes]] on display at the 15th Annual International Mango Festival at the [[Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden]], Florida, United States]]
{{nutritional value | name=Mango
| image=[[File:Mango and cross section edit.jpg|thumb|center|'''<center>&nbsp;A mango shown whole<br/> and in cross section</center>''']]
| kJ=250
| protein=0.82 g
| fat=0.38 g
| carbs=15 g
| fiber=1.6 g
| sugars=13.7
| calcium_mg=11
| iron_mg=0.16
| magnesium_mg=10
| phosphorus_mg=14
| potassium_mg=168
| sodium_mg=1
| zinc_mg=0.09
| manganese_mg=0.063
| vitC_mg=36.4
| thiamin_mg=0.028
| riboflavin_mg=0.038
| niacin_mg=0.669
| pantothenic_mg=0.197
| vitB6_mg=0.119
| folate_ug=43
| choline_mg=7.6
| vitA_ug=54
| betacarotene_ug=640
| lutein_ug=23
| vitE_mg=0.9
| vitK_ug=4.2
| source_usda = 1
| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09176&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
}}
 
The energy value per 100 g (3.5&nbsp;oz) is 250 kJ (60 kcal), and that of the apple mango is slightly higher (79 kcal per 100g).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12354500/Data/SR23/reports/sr23fg09.pdf|publisher=USDA|title=USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, SR-23, Fruit Reports-09, Mango, raw (page 449), 2010}}</ref>
 
 
==উৎপাদন==
The [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]] estimates worldwide production at nearly {{convert|35000000|t|ST}} in 2009 (table below). The aggregate production of the top 10 countries is responsible for roughly 80% of worldwide production. [[India]] is the biggest producer of mangoes.
{{stack begin}}
[[Image:Mango Rezowan.jpg|thumb|&nbsp;<center>A basket of ripe mangoes<br/>from [[Bangladesh]]</center>]]
{{stack end}}
{{stack begin}}
[[Image:Sindhri Mango.JPG|thumb|&nbsp;<center>Ripe [[Sindhri]] mangoes<br/> from [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]</center>]]
{{stack end}}
{{stack begin}}
[[Image:Guntur Mango.jpg|thumb|&nbsp;<center>Banganpalli mangoes being sold<br/>in [[Vijayawada]], [[India]]</center>]]
{{stack end}}
{{stack begin}}
[[File:Iba,Zambalesjf9268 05.JPG|thumbnail|&nbsp;<center>Ripe mangoes being sold in a market in the [[Philippines]]</center>]]
{{stack end}}
{{stack begin | float=left}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; width:18em;"
|-
|+Top producers of mangoes, mangosteens, guavas, 2010–11
!Country/State
!Production in ''millions of tons''
|-
| {{IND}} || align=right |<center>~ 16.34</center>
|-
| {{PRC}} || align=right |<center>~ 4.35</center>
|-
| {{THA}} || align=right |<center>~ 2.55</center>
|-
| {{PAK}} || align=right |<center>~ 1.78</center>
|-
| {{MEX}} || align=right |<center>~ 1.63</center>
|-
| {{IDN}} || align=right |<center>~ 1.31</center>
|-
| {{BRA}} || align=right |<center>~ 1.19</center>
|-
| {{BAN}} || align=right |<center>~ 1.05</center>
|- style="background:#ccc;"
||{{noflag}}World total
| style="text-align:right;"|<center>~ 38.6</center>
|-
|colspan=5|
<center><small>Source: [http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor UN FAOSTAT]&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor |title=Statistics from: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division |publisher=UN [[Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database]]}}</ref></small></center>
|}
{{stack end}}
 
{{-}}
 
==আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল==
<centergallery>
File:Green Mango Rezowan.JPG|কেচা আম
<gallery perrow=6>
File:Amor moli mango flower.jpg|thumb|আমে মলিয়াইছে
Image:Nice_Mangoes.jpg|Mangoes for sale at a super market
Image:Mango tree Kerala in full bloom.jpg|ভাৰতৰ কেৰালাত ফুল ফুলি থকা এজোপা আম গছ
Image:Mangues.JPG|Unripe mangoes on a mango tree|alt=White oblong fruits on a background of much thin, but much longer leaves
Image:Mango blossoms.jpg|Mango tree with flowers
Image:Mango in full bloom.jpg|Mature ''Mangifera indica'' after annual flowering, note the budding fruits and residual flowers.
Image:Close up of immature mango fruit.jpg|Immature fruit of ''Mangifera'', approximately six weeks after annual flowering
File:MangoTree.jpg|A view of ''Mangifera indica''in Southern [[India]]
Image:Fresh mangoes and bananas.JPG|Freshly harvested mangoes and [[banana]]s at a fruit stand on the island of [[Maui]], [[Hawaii]]
Image:Mango_Stand01_Asit.jpg|A mango stand in [[Merritt Island]], Florida
Image:Mango Maya.jpg|A nearly ripened purple mango, [[Israel]]
File:Iba,Zambalesjf9291 01.JPG|Mangoes being sold in the [[Philippines]]
File:Green mango.jpg|Green mangoes of the [[Philippines]]
File:Green-Mango Rezowan.JPG| Green Mango of Bangladesh
File:Mango Bangladesh.JPG|A mango grown in [[Bangladesh]]
File:mango round about.JPG|Mango [[roundabout]], [[Rajshahi]], Bangladesh
</gallery>
</center>
-->
 
==তথ্যসূত্ৰ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==লগতে চাওক==
Line 168 ⟶ 44:
==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ==
{{Wikispecies|Mangifera}}
{{Commons and category|Mango|আম}}
* [http://www.horticultureworld.net/botany-taxonomy.htm#The%20Genus%20Mangifera Common Mango]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mango_ars.html Mango]
Line 176 ⟶ 52:
 
[[শ্ৰেণী:বৃক্ষ]]
[[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱবিজ্ঞান‎ফল]]
"https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/আম"ৰ পৰা অনা হৈছে