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'''Religion''' is a collection of [[cultural systems]], [[belief systems]], and [[worldviews]] that establishes symbols that relate humanity to [[spirituality]] and, sometimes,<!--not all religions concern themselves with morality--> to moral values.<ref>While religion is difficult to define, one standard model of religion, used in [[religious studies]] courses, was proposed by [[Clifford Geertz]], who simply called it a "cultural system" (Clifford Geertz, ''Religion as a Cultural System'', 1973). A critique of Geertz's model by [[Talal Asad]] categorized religion as "an [[anthropology|anthropological]] category." (Talal Asad, ''The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category'', 1982.)</ref> Many religions have [[mythology|narratives]], [[symbol]]s, [[tradition]]s and sacred histories that are intended to give [[Meaning of life|meaning to life]] or to explain the [[origin of life]] or the [[universe]]. They tend to derive [[Moral code|morality]], [[ethics]], [[religious law]]s or a preferred [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]] from their ideas about the [[cosmos]] and [[human nature]]. The word ''religion'' is sometimes used interchangeably with ''[[faith]]'' or ''[[belief system (disambiguation)|belief system]]'', but religion differs from private belief in that it has a public aspect. Most religions have organized [[religious behaviour|behaviors]], including [[clergy|clerical hierarchies]], a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership, [[local church|congregation]]s of [[laity]], regular meetings or services for the purposes of veneration of a [[deity]] or for [[prayer]], holy places (either natural or architectural), and/or [[scripture]]s. The practice of a religion may also include [[sermon]]s, commemoration of the activities of a [[god]] or [[gods]], [[sacrifice]]s, [[festival]]s, [[Banquet|feasts]], [[trance]], [[initiation]]s, [[funeral|funerary services]], [[matrimony|matrimonial services]], [[meditation]], [[music]], [[art]], [[dance]], [[Community service|public service]], or other aspects of human culture. The [[development of religion]] has taken different forms in different cultures. Some religions place an emphasis on belief, while others emphasize practice. Some religions focus on the subjective experience of the religious individual, while others consider the activities of the religious community to be most important. Some religions claim to be universal, believing their [[law]]s and [[cosmology]] to be binding for everyone, while others are intended to be practiced only by a closely defined or localized group. In many places religion has been associated with public institutions such as [[education]], [[hospital]]s, the [[family]], [[government]], and [[politics|political]] hierarchies. Anthropologists John Monoghan and Peter Just state that, "it seems apparent that one thing religion or belief helps us do is deal with problems of human life that are significant, persistent, and intolerable. One important way in which religious beliefs accomplish this is by providing a set of ideas about how and why the world is put together that allows people to accommodate anxieties and deal with misfortune."<ref>{{cite book |title= Social & Cultural Anthropology|edition= |last1= Monaghan|first1= John |last2= Just |first2= Peter |year= 2000|publisher= Oxford University Press|location= New York|isbn= 978-0-19-285346-2|page= 124}}</ref> Some academics [[Study of religion|studying the subject]] have divided religions into three broad categories: [[world religions]], a term which refers to [[Transculturation|transcultural]], [[international]] faiths; [[indigenous religions]], which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and [[new religious movements]], which refers to recently developed faiths.<ref>Harvey, Graham (2000). ''Indigenous Religions: A Companion''. (Ed: Graham Harvey). London and New York: Cassell. Page 06.</ref> One modern academic theory of religion, [[social constructionism]], says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all [[spirituality|spiritual]] practice and [[worship]] follows a model similar to the [[Abrahamic religions]] as an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings,<ref>Vergote, Antoine, ''Religion, belief and unbelief: a psychological study'', Leuven University Press, 1997, p. 89</ref> and thus religion, as a concept, has been [[Reification (fallacy)|applied inappropriately]] to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.
The word ''religion'' is sometimes used interchangeably with ''[[faith]]'' or ''[[belief system (disambiguation)|belief system]]'', but religion differs from private belief in that it has a public aspect. Most religions have organized [[religious behaviour|behaviors]], including [[clergy|clerical hierarchies]], a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership, [[local church|congregation]]s of [[laity]], regular meetings or services for the purposes of veneration of a [[deity]] or for [[prayer]], holy places (either natural or architectural), and/or [[scripture]]s. The practice of a religion may also include [[sermon]]s, commemoration of the activities of a [[god]] or [[gods]], [[sacrifice]]s, [[festival]]s, [[Banquet|feasts]], [[trance]], [[initiation]]s, [[funeral|funerary services]], [[matrimony|matrimonial services]], [[meditation]], [[music]], [[art]], [[dance]], [[Community service|public service]], or other aspects of human culture.
The [[development of religion]] has taken different forms in different cultures. Some religions place an emphasis on belief, while others emphasize practice. Some religions focus on the subjective experience of the religious individual, while others consider the activities of the religious community to be most important. Some religions claim to be universal, believing their [[law]]s and [[cosmology]] to be binding for everyone, while others are intended to be practiced only by a closely defined or localized group. In many places religion has been associated with public institutions such as [[education]], [[hospital]]s, the [[family]], [[government]], and [[politics|political]] hierarchies. Anthropologists John Monoghan and Peter Just state that, "it seems apparent that one thing religion or belief helps us do is deal with problems of human life that are significant, persistent, and intolerable. One important way in which religious beliefs accomplish this is by providing a set of ideas about how and why the world is put together that allows people to accommodate anxieties and deal with misfortune."<ref>{{cite book |title= Social & Cultural Anthropology|edition= |last1= Monaghan|first1= John |last2= Just |first2= Peter |year= 2000|publisher= Oxford University Press|location= New York|isbn= 978-0-19-285346-2|page= 124}}</ref>
Some academics [[Study of religion|studying the subject]] have divided religions into three broad categories: [[world religions]], a term which refers to [[Transculturation|transcultural]], [[international]] faiths; [[indigenous religions]], which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and [[new religious movements]], which refers to recently developed faiths.<ref>Harvey, Graham (2000). ''Indigenous Religions: A Companion''. (Ed: Graham Harvey). London and New York: Cassell. Page 06.</ref> One modern academic theory of religion, [[social constructionism]], says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all [[spirituality|spiritual]] practice and [[worship]] follows a model similar to the [[Abrahamic religions]] as an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings,<ref>Vergote, Antoine, ''Religion, belief and unbelief: a psychological study'', Leuven University Press, 1997, p. 89</ref> and thus religion, as a concept, has been [[Reification (fallacy)|applied inappropriately]] to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.
== আব্রাহামীয় ধৰ্মসমূহ ==
* [[ইছলাম]]
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