দিনপঞ্জী: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য
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11 নং শাৰী:
'কেলেণ্ডাৰ' ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ শব্দ, লেটিন মূলীয় 'কেলেণ্ডি' (kalendae)-ৰ পৰা আহৰিত। মাহৰ প্ৰথম দিনটোক লেটিন ভাষাক 'কেলেণ্ডি' বোলা হয়।<ref>''New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary''</ref>
==কেলেণ্ডাৰ পদ্ধতি==
পূৰ্ণ কেলেণ্ডাৰ সমূহত প্ৰতিটো দিনৰ বাবে একোটা ভিন্ন তাৰিখ থাকে। সেয়ে সপ্তাহৰ নামকেইটা পূৰ্ণ কেলেণ্ডাৰ পদ্ধতি নহয়। একেদৰে চন অবিহনে অকল তাৰিখ উল্লেখ কৰিলেও সি পূৰ্ণ কেলেণ্ডাৰ পদ্ধতি নহয়। কাৰণ এই দুয়োটাতে একেটা নাম বেলেগ দিনৰ বাবেও আহিব পাৰে।
সৰলতম কেলেণ্ডাৰ পদ্ধতি হ'ল কোনো এটা বিশেষ দিনৰপৰা দিনসমূহৰ হিচাপ আৰম্ভ কৰা। [[জ্যোতিৰ্বিজ্ঞান]]ত ব্যৱহৃত [[জুলিয়ান দিন]] এনে এটা বিশেষ দিন। জ্যোতিৰ্বিজ্ঞানৰ 'জুলিয়ান দিন'ৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি দিনৰ হিচাপ কৰাৰ ব্যৱস্থা আছে। ১২:০০ জানুৱাৰী ১, খ্ৰী.পূ. ৪৭১৩, সোমবাৰৰ দিনটোক 'জুলিয়ান দিন' বুলি কোৱা হয়।<ref>http://quasar.as.utexas.edu/BillInfo/JulianDatesG.html</ref>
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The simplest calendar system just counts time periods from a reference date. This applies for the [[Julian day]]. Virtually the only possible variation is using a different reference date, in particular one less distant in the past to make the numbers smaller. Computations in these systems are just a matter of addition and subtraction.
Other calendars have one (or multiple) larger units of time.
Calendars that contain one level of cycles:
*week and weekday – this system (without year, the week number keeps on increasing) is not very common
*year and ordinal date within the year, e.g. the [[ISO 8601#Ordinal dates|ISO 8601 ordinal date system]]
Calendars with two levels of cycles:
*year, [[month]], and day – most systems, including the [[Gregorian calendar]] (and its very similar predecessor, the [[Julian calendar]]), the [[Islamic calendar]], and the [[Hebrew calendar]]
*year, week, and weekday – e.g. the [[ISO week date]]
Cycles can be synchronized with periodic phenomena:
*A ''lunar calendar'' is synchronized to the motion of the [[Moon]] ([[lunar phase]]s); an example is the [[Islamic calendar]].
*A ''solar calendar'' is based on perceived [[seasonal year|seasonal]] changes synchronized to the apparent motion of the Sun; an example is the [[Persian calendar]].
*A "[[Lunisolar calendar|luni-solar calendar]]" is based on a combination of both solar and lunar reckonings; examples are the [[Chinese calendar|traditional calendar of China]], the [[Hindu Calendar]] in India or the [[Hebrew calendar]].
*There are some calendars that appear to be synchronized to the motion of [[Venus]], such as some of the [[ancient Egypt]]ian calendars; synchronization to Venus appears to occur primarily in civilizations near the [[Equator]].
*The [[week]] cycle is an example of one that is not synchronized to any external phenomenon (although it may have been derived from lunar phases, beginning anew every month).
Very commonly a calendar includes more than one type of cycle, or has both cyclic and acyclic elements.
Many calendars incorporate simpler calendars as elements. For example, the rules of the Hebrew calendar depend on the seven-day week cycle (a very simple calendar), so the week is one of the cycles of the Hebrew calendar. It is also common to operate two calendars simultaneously, usually providing unrelated cycles, and the result may also be considered a more complex calendar. For example, the [[Gregorian calendar]] has no inherent dependence on the seven-day week, but in [[Western world|Western society]] the two are used together, and calendar tools indicate both the Gregorian date and the day of week.<ref>Zerubavel, ''The Seven Day Circle'' (University of Chicago Press, 1985).</ref>
The week cycle is shared by various calendar systems (although the significance of special days such as Friday, Saturday, and Sunday varies). Systems of leap days usually do not affect the week cycle. The week cycle was not even interrupted when 10, 11, 12, or 13 dates were skipped when the Julian calendar was replaced by the Gregorian calendar by various countries.
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==তথ্য উৎস==
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