ভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় ভাষা পৰিয়াল: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

r2.7.2) (ৰবট যোগ দিছে :af, als, an, ang, ar, ast, az, bar, bat-smg, be, be-x-old, bg, bn, bo, br, bs, ca, chr, ckb, co, cs, cv, cy, da, de, diq, dsb, el, eo, es, et, eu, ext, fa, fi, fo, fr, frr, fur, fy, ga, gan, gd, gl, gv, h...
No edit summary
3 নং শাৰী:
|region = ১৬শ শতিকাৰ আগতে [[ইউৰোপ]], আৰু [[দক্ষিণ এছিয়া|দক্ষিণ]], [[মধ্য এছিয়া|মধ্য]] আৰু [[দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম এছিয়া]]; এতিয়া বিশ্বজুৰি।
|familycolor = Indo-European
|family = বিশ্বৰ এটা প্ৰধান [[ভাষা পৰিয়াল|ভাষা পৰিয়াল]]
|family = One of the world's major [[language family|language families]]
|protoname = [[প্ৰাক্‌-ভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় ভাষা|প্ৰাক্‌-ভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয়]]
|protoname = [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|child1 = [[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|child2 = [[Anatolian languages|Anatolian]] (extinct)
18 নং শাৰী:
|iso5=ine
|map = IE countries.svg
|mapcaption={{legend|green|Countriesগৰিষ্ঠ withসংখ্যক aভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় majorityভাষাবাসী ofথকা speakers of IE languagesদেশসমূহ}}
{{legend|lime|ভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় ভাষাৰ কম সংখ্যক কওঁতা কিন্তু চৰকাৰী স্বীকৃতি থকা দেশসমূহ}}
{{legend|lime|Countries with an IE minority language with official status}}
}}
 
The '''Indoভাৰত-Europeanইউৰোপীয় languagesভাষাসমূহ''' are a [[language family|family]] (or ''phylum'') of several hundredকেইবাশ relatedসম্পৰ্কীয় [[:en:List of Indo-European languages|languagesভাষা andআৰু dialectদোৱান]]s,ৰ এক [[ভাষা পৰিয়াল]]।<ref>It includes 449 languages and dialects, according to the 2005 [[Ethnologue]] estimate, about half (219) belonging to the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] subbranch.</ref> including most major current [[languagesইউৰোপীয় of Europeভাষাসমূহ]], the [[Iranianইৰানীয়ান plateauমালভূমি]], and [[Languagesদক্ষিণ of South Asia|South Asiaএছিয়া]] and also historically predominant inআৰু [[Anatoliaএনাটলিয়া]]. Withবেছিভাগ writtenপ্ৰধান attestationsভাষা appearingইয়াৰ since theঅন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। [[Bronzeএনাটলিয়ান Ageভাষা]], in the form of theআৰু [[Anatolianমাইচেনিয়ান languagesগ্ৰীক]] andৰূপত [[Mycenaeanব্ৰ'ঞ্জ Greekযুগ]], theদিনৰ Indo-Europeanপৰা familyইয়াৰ isলিখিত significantৰূপ toপোৱা theগৈছে। field ofসেইহিচাপে [[historical linguisticsএফ্ৰ'এছিয়াটিক]] asপৰিয়ালৰ possessingপিছতে theসকলোতকৈ longestপুৰণি recordedইতিহাসসমৃদ্ধ historyভাষা afterপৰিয়াল theহোৱা [[Afroasiatic]]বাবে family.ই ভাষা ইতিহাসবিদসকলৰ গুৰুত্ব লাভ কৰিছে।
 
Indo-Europeanপ্ৰায় languages৩০০ areকোটি spokenদেশীয় byবাসিন্দাই almostভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় threeভাষাসমূহ billion native speakersকয়,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=family |title=Ethnologue list of language families |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-07}}</ref> the largestযিকোনো numberভাষা forপৰিয়ালৰ anyভিতৰত recognisedসকলোতকৈ languageবেছি। family. Of[[এথ্‌ন'ল'গ]]ৰ theমতে [[:en:List of languages by number of native speakers|twentyসৰ্বোচ্চ languagesসংখ্যক with"দেশীয় theকওঁতা" largestথকা numbersবিশটা of ''native speakers''ভাষাৰ]] accordingভিতৰত toভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় [[Ethnologue|SILভাষা Ethnologue]], twelve are Indo-Europeanবাৰটা: [[Spanishস্পেনিছ languageভাষা|Spanishস্পেনিছ]], [[Englishইংৰাজী languageভাষা|Englishইংৰাজী]], [[Hindiহিন্দী]], [[Portugueseপৰ্তুগীজ languageভাষা|Portugueseপৰ্তুগীজ]], [[Bengaliবাংলা languageভাষা|Bengaliবাংলা]], [[Russianৰাছিয়ান languageভাষা|Russianৰাছিয়ান]], [[Germanজাৰ্মান languageভাষা|Germanজাৰ্মান]], [[Marathiমাৰাঠী languageভাষা|Marathiমাৰাঠী]], [[Frenchফ্ৰেঞ্চ languageভাষা|Frenchফ্ৰেঞ্চ]], [[Italianইটালীয়ান languageভাষা|Italianইটালীয়ান]], [[Punjabiপঞ্জাবী languageভাষা|Punjabiপঞ্জাবী]], andআৰু [[Urduউৰ্দু]], accountingএইবোৰৰ forমুঠ overবক্তা 1.7১৭০ billionকোটিৰো native speakers.অধিক।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size |title=Ethnologue list of languages by number of speakers |publisher=Ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-07}}</ref> Severalকেইবাটাও [[#Suggested macrofamilies|disputedবিতৰ্কিত proposalsপ্ৰস্তাৱে]] link Indoভাৰত-Europeanইউৰোপীয়ানক toআন otherভাষা majorপৰিয়ালৰ languageলগত families.সংযোগ কৰিছে।
 
== উদ্ধৃতি আৰু টোকা ==
== Citations and notes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
== Referencesতথ্যসূত্ৰ ==<!-- CurrAnthropol40:73. -->
* {{cite book
| last = Anthony | first = David W.
38 নং শাৰী:
}}
*{{Cite book |last=Auroux |first=Sylvain |title=History of the Language Sciences |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |year=2000 |isbn=3-11-016735-2 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. --> }}.
* {{cite book| last=Fortson | first=Benjamin W.| title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction|location=Malden, Massachusetts | publisher=Blackwell| year=2004| isbn=1-4051-0315-9}}
 
* {{cite book
 
| last=Fortson | first=Benjamin W.
 
| title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction
 
|location=Malden, Massachusetts | publisher=Blackwell
 
| year=2004
 
| isbn=1-4051-0315-9
 
}}
 
*{{Cite book |last=Houwink ten Cate |first=H. J. |last2=Melchert |first2=H. Craig |lastauthoramp=yes |last3=van den Hout |first3=Theo P. J. |chapter=Indo-European languages, The parent language, Laryngeal theory |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |volume=22 |publisher=Helen Hemingway Benton |location=Chicago |edition=15th |year=1981 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. --> }}.
*{{Cite book |last=Holm |first=Hans J. |chapter=The Distribution of Data in Word Lists and its Impact on the Subgrouping of Languages |editor-first=Christine |editor-last=Preisach |editor2-first=Hans |editor2-last=Burkhardt |editor3-first=Lars |editor3-last=Schmidt-Thieme |editor4-first=Reinhold |editor4-last=Decker |title=Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Applications |series=Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the German Classification Society (GfKl), University of Freiburg, March 7–9, 2007 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Heidelberg-Berlin |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-540-78239-1 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. --> }}.
Line 62 ⟶ 48:
*{{Cite book |last = Szemerényi |first = Oswald |authorlink=Oswald Szemerényi |first2=David |last2=Jones |first3=Irene |last3=Jones |title=Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-19-823870-3 |postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. --> }}
 
== অতিৰিক্ত পাঠ্য ==
== Further reading ==
*{{cite book | author=Beekes, Robert S. P. | authorlink=Robert S. P. Beekes
|title=Comparative Indo-European Linguistics | location=[[Amsterdam]] | publisher=John Benjamins | year=1995}}
Line 78 ⟶ 64:
* [[Pierre Chantraine|P. Chantraine]] (1968), ''[http://www.archive.org/details/Dictionnaire-Etymologique-Grec Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque],'' Klincksieck, Paris.
 
== Externalবহিঃ linksসংযোগ ==
===Databasesতথ্যকোষ===
* {{cite web|title=Comparative Indo-European|url=http://www.wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/|first=Isidore|last=Dyen|first2=Joseph|last2= Kruskal|first3=Paul|last3=Black|year=1997|accessdate=13 December 2009|publisher=wordgumbo}}
* {{cite web|title=Indo-European|url=http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/group?id=4|publisher=LLOW Languages of the World|accessdate=14 December 2009}}
Line 87 ⟶ 73:
* {{cite web|title=Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien: TITUS|url=http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/indexe.htm|year=2003|publisher=TITUS, University of Frankfurt|language=German|accessdate=13 December 2009}}
 
===Lexicaশব্দকোষ===
* {{cite web|title=Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (IEED)|url=http://www.indoeuropean.nl|publisher=Department of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics, Leiden University|location=Leiden, Netherlands|accessdate=14 December 2009}}
* {{cite book|title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language|edition=Fourth|origyear=2000|chapter=Indo-European Roots Index|date=August 22, 2008|publisher=Internet Archive: Wayback Machine|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080726143746/www.bartleby.com/61/IEroots.html|accessdate=9 December 2009}}