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==আচৰণ==
Mostপ্ৰায়ভাগ birdsচৰায়ে areদিবাচৰ ([[diurnal animal|diurnal]]), butকিন্তু someইয়াৰ birds,ব্যতিক্ৰমো suchনোহোৱা asনহয়৷ manyউদাহৰণস্বৰূপে speciesফেঁচা of( [[owl]]s) andনাইটঝাৰ ([[nightjar]]s,) areআদি [[nocturnal]]নিশাচৰ orআৰু [[crepuscular]]সাগৰীয় (activeচৰাই duringযেনে twilight hours), and many coastalৱেডাৰ ([[wader]]s) feedজাতীয় whenচৰায়ে theদিন-ৰাতিৰ tidesবিচাৰ areনকৰাকৈ appropriate,জোৱাৰ (tide)ৰ সময়ৰ লগত মিলাই byখাদ্য dayখায় or৷ night.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robert |first=Michel |month=January |year=1989 |title=Conditions and significance of night feeding in shorebirds and other water birds in a tropical lagoon |journal=The Auk |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=94–101 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v106n01/p0094-p0101.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref>
===খাদ্য===
[[File:BirdBeaksA.svg|thumb|upright|right|alt= Illustration of the heads of 16 types of birds with different shapes and sizes of beak|Feedingখাদ্য adaptationsআহৰণৰ inপদ্ধতিৰ beaksভিত্তিত চৰাইৰ ঠোঁটৰ অভিযোজন হয়]]
Birds' diets are varied and often include [[nectar (plant)|nectar]], fruit, plants, seeds, [[carrion]], and various small animals, including other birds.<ref name = "Gill"/> Because birds have no teeth, their [[digestive system]] is adapted to process [[mastication|unmasticated]] food items that are swallowed whole.
চৰায়ে বিভিন্ন খাদ্য খায় ৷ ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য খাদ্যসমূহ হ'ল, ফুলৰ ৰস ([[nectar (plant)|nectar]]), ফল-মূল (fruit),উদ্ভিদ (plant), গছৰ গুটি (seeds) আৰু অন্য প্ৰজাতিৰ চৰাইকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন সৰু সৰু জীৱ-জন্তু৷ <ref name = "Gill"/> চৰাইৰ দাঁত নাই বাবে ইয়াৰ পাচকতন্ত্ৰ গিলি থোৱা খাদ্যৰ পাচন ঘটৌৱাত বিশেষভাৱে অভিযোজিত৷
Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists.<ref name = "Gill"/> Birds' feeding strategies vary by species. Many birds [[Gleaning (birds)|glean]] for insects, invertebrates, fruit, or seeds. Some hunt insects by suddenly attacking from a branch. Those species that seek [[Pest (organism)|pest]] [[insect]]s are considered beneficial 'biological control agents' and their presence encouraged in [[biological pest control]] programs.<ref name="lwa001">{{Cite web|url=http://lwa.gov.au/files/products/land-water-and-wool/pf061365/pf061365.pdf |title=Birds on New England wool properties - A woolgrower guide |accessdate=17 July 2010 |publisher=Australian Government - Land and Water Australia |work=Land, Water & Wool Northern Tablelands Property Fact Sheet |author=N Reid |format=PDF |year=2006}}</ref> Nectar feeders such as [[hummingbird]]s, [[sunbird]]s, [[lories and lorikeets|lories, and lorikeets]] amongst others have specially adapted brushy tongues and in many cases bills designed to fit [[Coevolution|co-adapted]] flowers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paton |first=D. C. |date=1 April 1989|title=Bills and tongues of nectar-feeding birds: A review of morphology, function, and performance, with intercontinental comparisons |journal=Australian Journal of Ecology |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=473–506 |doi=10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01457.x |issn=00129615 |first2=B. G. |last2=Collins }}</ref> [[Kiwi]]s and [[shorebird]]s with long bills probe for invertebrates; shorebirds' varied bill lengths and feeding methods result in the separation of [[ecological niche]]s.<ref name = "Gill"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baker |first=Myron Charles |date=1 April 1973|title=Niche Relationships Among Six Species of Shorebirds on Their Wintering and Breeding Ranges |journal=Ecological Monographs |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=193–212 |doi=10.2307/1942194 |issn=00129615 |first2=. |last2=Baker |jstor=1942194}}</ref> [[Loon]]s, [[diving duck]]s, [[penguin]]s and [[auks]] pursue their prey underwater, using their wings or feet for propulsion,<ref name = "Burger"/> while aerial predators such as [[sulidae|sulid]]s, [[kingfisher]]s and [[tern]]s plunge dive after their prey. [[Flamingo]]s, three species of [[prion (bird)|prion]], and some ducks are [[filter feeder]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cherel |first=Yves |year=2002 |title=Food and feeding ecology of the sympatric thin-billed ''Pachyptila belcheri'' and Antarctic ''P. desolata'' prions at Iles Kerguelen, Southern Indian Ocean |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |volume=228 |pages=263–81 |doi=10.3354/meps228263 |last2=Bocher |first2=P |last3=De Broyer |first3=C |last4=Hobson |first4=KA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jenkin |first=Penelope M. |year=1957 |title=The Filter-Feeding and Food of Flamingoes (Phoenicopteri) |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=240 |issue=674 |pages=401–93 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1957.0004 |jstor=92549}}</ref> [[Geese]] and [[dabbling duck]]s are primarily grazers.
যিবোৰ চৰায়ে খাদ্য আহৰণৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন উপায় অৱলম্বন কৰে আৰু বহুতো প্ৰকাৰৰ খাদ্য গ্ৰহণ কৰে সেইবোৰক [[generalist]] বুলি কোৱা হয় ৷ অন্যহাতে বাকী কিছূমান চৰায়ে বিশেষ কিছুমান খাদ্যহে খায় আৰু এটা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰেই সেই খাদ্য আহৰণ কৰে , তেনে চৰাইক [[specialist]] বুলি আখ্যা দিয়া হয় ৷ <ref name = "Gill"/> খোৱাৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াও প্ৰজাতিভেদে বেলেগ বেলেগ হয়৷ কিছুমান চৰায়ে অলপ অলপকৈ (Glean) পোকপতংগ, অমেৰুদণ্ডী প্ৰাণী, ফল-মূল বা গুটি আদি সংগ্ৰহ কৰে৷ কিছুমানে পোক-পতংগক আকস্মিকভাৱে আক্ৰমণ কৰে৷ ফুলৰ ৰস চুহি খোৱা চৰাই যেনে হামিংবাৰ্ড ([[hummingbird]]), মৌ-পিয়া ([[sunbird]]) ইত্যাদিৰ ঠোঁট আৰু জিভা চুহিবৰ বাবে বিশেষভাৱে অভিযোজিত হয়৷ <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paton |first=D. C. |date=1 April 1989|title=Bills and tongues of nectar-feeding birds: A review of morphology, function, and performance, with intercontinental comparisons |journal=Australian Journal of Ecology |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=473–506 |doi=10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01457.x |issn=00129615 |first2=B. G. |last2=Collins }}</ref> কিৱি ([[Kiwi]]) আৰু সাগৰীয় চৰাই সমূহৰ দীঘল ঠোঁট অমেৰুদণ্ডী প্ৰাণী চিকাৰ কৰাৰ উদেশ্যে ব্যৱহৃত হয়৷ <ref name = "Gill"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baker |first=Myron Charles |date=1 April 1973|title=Niche Relationships Among Six Species of Shorebirds on Their Wintering and Breeding Ranges |journal=Ecological Monographs |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=193–212 |doi=10.2307/1942194 |issn=00129615 |first2=. |last2=Baker |jstor=1942194}}</ref>৷
Some species, including [[frigatebird]]s, [[gull]]s,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miyazaki |first=Masamine |date=1 July 1996|title=Vegetation cover, kleptoparasitism by diurnal gulls and timing of arrival of nocturnal Rhinoceros Auklets |journal=The Auk |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=698–702 |doi=10.2307/3677021 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v113n03/p0698-p0702.pdf|format=PDF |issn=09088857 |last2=Kuroki |last3=Niizuma |last4=Watanuki |first2=M. |first3=Y. |first4=Y. |jstor=3677021}}</ref> and [[skua]]s,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bélisle |first=Marc |date=1 August 1995|title=Predation and kleptoparasitism by migrating Parasitic Jaegers |journal=The Condor |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=771–781 |doi=10.2307/1369185 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v097n03/p0771-p0781.pdf|format=PDF |issn=00105422 |author2=Giroux}}</ref> engage in [[kleptoparasitism]], stealing food items from other birds. Kleptoparasitism is thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any species' diet; a study of [[Great Frigatebird]]s stealing from [[Masked Booby|Masked Boobies]] estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vickery |first=J. A. |date=1 May 1994|title=The Kleptoparasitic Interactions between Great Frigatebirds and Masked Boobies on Henderson Island, South Pacific |journal=The Condor |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=331–40 |doi=10.2307/1369318 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v096n02/p0331-p0340.pdf|format=PDF |issn=00105422 |first2=. |last2=Brooke |jstor=1369318}}</ref> Other birds are [[scavenger]]s; some of these, like [[vulture]]s, are specialised carrion eaters, while others, like gulls, [[corvid]]s, or other birds of prey, are opportunists.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hiraldo |first=F.C. |year=1991 |title=Unspecialized exploitation of small carcasses by birds |journal=Bird Studies |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=200–07 |doi=10.1080/00063659109477089 |last2=Blanco |first2=J. C. |last3=Bustamante |first3=J.}}</ref> ▼
▲Someকিছুমান species, includingচৰাই যেনে ফ্ৰিগেটবাৰ্ড ([[frigatebird]] s), গাল ([[gull]] s,)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miyazaki |first=Masamine |date=1 July 1996|title=Vegetation cover, kleptoparasitism by diurnal gulls and timing of arrival of nocturnal Rhinoceros Auklets |journal=The Auk |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=698–702 |doi=10.2307/3677021 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v113n03/p0698-p0702.pdf|format=PDF |issn=09088857 |last2=Kuroki |last3=Niizuma |last4=Watanuki |first2=M. |first3=Y. |first4=Y. |jstor=3677021}}</ref> andআৰু স্কুৱা ( [[skua]] s), <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bélisle |first=Marc |date=1 August 1995|title=Predation and kleptoparasitism by migrating Parasitic Jaegers |journal=The Condor |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=771–781 |doi=10.2307/1369185 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v097n03/p0771-p0781.pdf|format=PDF |issn=00105422 |author2=Giroux}}</ref> engageআদিয়ে inঅন্য [[kleptoparasitism]],চৰাইৰ stealingপৰা foodখাদ্য itemsচুৰি fromকৰি otherআনে৷ birds.এই Kleptoparasitismবিশেষ isআচৰণটোক thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any speciesক্লেপ্ট' পৰজীৱিতা diet; a study of ([[ Great Frigatebirdkleptoparasitism]] s) stealingবুলি fromআখ্যা [[Maskedদিয়া Booby|Maskedহয়৷ Boobies]] estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vickery |first=J. A. |date=1 May 1994|title=The Kleptoparasitic Interactions between Great Frigatebirds and Masked Boobies on Henderson Island, South Pacific |journal=The Condor |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=331–40 |doi=10.2307/1369318 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v096n02/p0331-p0340.pdf|format=PDF |issn=00105422 |first2=. |last2=Brooke |jstor=1369318}}</ref> Otherঅন্য birdsকিছুমান areচৰই [[scavenger]]s; some of theseমৃতভোজী, likeযেনে- [[vulture]]s, are specialised carrion eaters, while others, like gulls,শগুণ ([[ corvidscavenger]] s,)৷ or other birds of prey, are opportunists.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hiraldo |first=F.C. |year=1991 |title=Unspecialized exploitation of small carcasses by birds |journal=Bird Studies |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=200–07 |doi=10.1080/00063659109477089 |last2=Blanco |first2=J. C. |last3=Bustamante |first3=J.}}</ref>
===পানী===
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