ৰক্তদল: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

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[[Imageচিত্ৰ:ABO blood type.svg|thumb|right|435px|লোহিত ৰক্ত কণিকাৰ পৃষ্ঠত ABO এণ্টিজেনৰ উপস্থিতি-অনুপস্থিতি চাই ৰক্তদল আংশিকভাৱে নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়।]]
'''ৰক্তদল''' (বা '''তেজৰ গ্ৰুপ''') তেজৰ এক শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন। লোহিত ৰক্ত কণিকাৰ পৃষ্ঠত কিছুমান এণ্টিজেন আৰু প্লাজমাত তেনে এণ্টিবডিৰ উপস্থিতি-অনুপস্থিতিৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি এই বিভাজন কৰা হয়। ৰক্তদল প্ৰণালী ভেদে এই এণ্টিজেন [[প্ৰ'টিন]], [[কাৰ্ব'হাইড্ৰেট]], গ্লাইক'প্ৰ'টিন বা গ্লাইক'লিপিড হ'ব পাৰে। ইয়াৰে কোনো কোনো এণ্টিজেন আন কলাৰ কোষতো থাকে। ৰক্ত কণিকাৰ পৃষ্ঠত থকা এনে কেইবাটাও এণ্টিজেন এটা এলিল (allele)ৰ পৰা উদ্ভুত হৈ এটা ৰক্তদল প্ৰণালী গঠন কৰে।<ref>{{cite book | last = Maton | first = Anthea | author2 = Jean Hopkins | author3 = Charles William McLaughlin | author4 = Susan Johnson | author5 = Maryanna Quon Warner | author6 = David LaHart | author7 = Jill D. Wright | title = Human Biology and Health | publisher = Prentice Hall | year = 1993 | location = Englewood Cliffs NJ | isbn = 0-13-981176-1 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/humanbiologyheal00scho }}</ref> ৰক্তদলত পিতৃ-মাতৃ দুয়োজনৰ অৱদান থাকে। ইণ্টাৰনেচনেল ছ'ছাইটী অৱ ব্লাড ট্ৰান্সফিউজন ((ISBT) সংস্থাই এতিয়ালৈকে ৩৬ টা মানৱ ৰক্তদল প্ৰণালীপদ্ধতি আৰু ৩৪৬ টা এটিজেন চিনাক্ত কৰিছে।<ref name=ISBT16>{{cite journal |last1=Storry |first1=J. R. |last2=Castilho |first2=L. |last3=Chen |first3=Q. |last4=Daniels |first4=G. |last5=Denomme |first5=G. |last6=Flegel |first6=W. A. |last7=Gassner |first7=C. |last8=de Haas |first8=M. |last9=Hyland |first9=C. |last10=Keller |first10=M. |last11=Lomas-Francis |first11=C. |last12=Moulds |first12=J. M. |last13=Nogues |first13=N. |last14=Olsson |first14=M. L. |last15=Peyrard |first15=T. |last16=van der Schoot |first16=C. E. |last17=Tani |first17=Y. |last18=Thornton |first18=N. |last19=Wagner |first19=F. |last20=Wendel |first20=S. |last21=Westhoff |first21=C. |last22=Yahalom |first22=V. |title=International society of blood transfusion working party on red cell immunogenetics and terminology: report of the Seoul and London meetings |journal=ISBT Science Series |date=2016 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=118–122 |doi=10.1111/voxs.12280 |display-authors=8|pmc=5662010 }}</ref> আটাইতকৈ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ দুটা ৰক্তদল প্ৰণালী হৈছে ABO আৰু Rh ৰক্তদল পদ্ধতি।
 
==ৰক্তদল পদ্ধতি==
substancesএটা onসম্পূৰ্ণ theৰক্তদল surfaceবৰ্ণনা ofকৰিবলৈ redহ'লে bloodলোহিত cells,ৰক্ত andকণিকাৰ anপৃষ্ঠত individual'sথকা bloodপ্ৰায় type৩০টা isউপাদান oneউল্লেখ ofকৰিব manyলাগিব possibleআৰু combinationsএজন ofলোকৰ blood-groupৰক্তদল antigens.তেজত এণ্টিজেনৰ ভিন ভিন মিশ্ৰণত ফুটি উঠে।<ref name=iccbba>{{cite web |url=http://ibgrl.blood.co.uk/isbt%20pages/isbt%20terminology%20pages/table%20of%20blood%20group%20systems.htm |title=Table of blood group systems |accessdate=2008-09-12 |date=October 2008 |publisher=International Society of Blood Transfusion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916225706/http://ibgrl.blood.co.uk/isbt%20pages/isbt%20terminology%20pages/table%20of%20blood%20group%20systems.htm |archive-date=2008-09-16 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref> Across the 36 [[Human blood group systems|blood group systems]], 308 different blood-group antigens have been found.<ref name=ISBT16/> Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in [[infection]], [[malignancy]], or [[autoimmune disease]].<ref>{{harvnb|Dean|2005|loc=[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/rbcantigen/ch05ABO/ The ABO blood group] "... A number of illnesses may alter a person's ABO phenotype ..."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stayboldt C, Rearden A, Lane TA |title=B antigen acquired by normal A1 red cells exposed to a patient's serum |journal=Transfusion |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=41–4 |year=1987 |pmid=3810822 |doi=10.1046/j.1537-2995.1987.27187121471.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Matsushita S, Imamura T, Mizuta T, Hanada M |title=Acquired B antigen and polyagglutination in a patient with gastric cancer |journal=The Japanese Journal of Surgery |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=540–2 |date=November 1983 |pmid=6672386 |doi=10.1007/BF02469500}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kremer Hovinga I, Koopmans M, de Heer E, Bruijn J, Bajema I |title=Change in blood group in systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Lancet |volume=369 |issue=9557 |pages=186–7; author reply 187 |year=2007 |doi= 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60099-3 |pmid= 17240276}}</ref> Another more common cause of blood type change is a [[bone marrow transplant]]. Bone-marrow transplants are performed for many [[leukemias]] and [[lymphomas]], among other diseases. If a person receives bone marrow from someone who is a different ABO type (e.g., a type A patient receives a type O bone marrow), the patient's blood type will eventually convert to the donor's type.
A complete blood type would describe a full set of 30
substances on the surface of red blood cells, and an individual's blood type is one of many possible combinations of blood-group antigens.<ref name=iccbba>{{cite web |url=http://ibgrl.blood.co.uk/isbt%20pages/isbt%20terminology%20pages/table%20of%20blood%20group%20systems.htm |title=Table of blood group systems |accessdate=2008-09-12 |date=October 2008 |publisher=International Society of Blood Transfusion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916225706/http://ibgrl.blood.co.uk/isbt%20pages/isbt%20terminology%20pages/table%20of%20blood%20group%20systems.htm |archive-date=2008-09-16 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref> Across the 36 [[Human blood group systems|blood group systems]], 308 different blood-group antigens have been found.<ref name=ISBT16/> Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in [[infection]], [[malignancy]], or [[autoimmune disease]].<ref>{{harvnb|Dean|2005|loc=[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/rbcantigen/ch05ABO/ The ABO blood group] "... A number of illnesses may alter a person's ABO phenotype ..."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stayboldt C, Rearden A, Lane TA |title=B antigen acquired by normal A1 red cells exposed to a patient's serum |journal=Transfusion |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=41–4 |year=1987 |pmid=3810822 |doi=10.1046/j.1537-2995.1987.27187121471.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Matsushita S, Imamura T, Mizuta T, Hanada M |title=Acquired B antigen and polyagglutination in a patient with gastric cancer |journal=The Japanese Journal of Surgery |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=540–2 |date=November 1983 |pmid=6672386 |doi=10.1007/BF02469500}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kremer Hovinga I, Koopmans M, de Heer E, Bruijn J, Bajema I |title=Change in blood group in systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Lancet |volume=369 |issue=9557 |pages=186–7; author reply 187 |year=2007 |doi= 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60099-3 |pmid= 17240276}}</ref> Another more common cause of blood type change is a [[bone marrow transplant]]. Bone-marrow transplants are performed for many [[leukemias]] and [[lymphomas]], among other diseases. If a person receives bone marrow from someone who is a different ABO type (e.g., a type A patient receives a type O bone marrow), the patient's blood type will eventually convert to the donor's type.
 
Some blood types are associated with inheritance of other diseases; for example, the [[Kell blood group system|Kell antigen]] is sometimes associated with [[McLeod syndrome]].<ref><!--
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===ABO ৰক্তদল পদ্ধতি===
[[Imageচিত্ৰ:ABO blood group diagram.svg|right|thumb|350px|''ABO blood group system'': diagram showing the carbohydrate chains that determine the ABO blood group]]
{{Main|ABO blood group system}}
 
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