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{{ৱিকিপিডিয়া অনুবাদ}}
{{essay|WP:BURL|WP:BURLS|WP:BAREURLS}}
{{nutshell|Simply copying and pasting the URL of an online reference is not helpfulideal, inexposing the eventreference ofto linkrot. It is preferable to use proper citation templates when citing sources.}}
A '''bare URL''' is a [[:en:URL|URL]] cited as a [[WP:CITE|reference]] for some information in an article ''without any accompanying information onabout the linked page.'' In other words, it is just the text out of the URL bar of your browser copied and pasted into the Wiki text, inserted between the <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> tags or simply provided as an external link, without title, author, date, or '''any''' of the usual information necessary for a bibliographic citation or useful for addressing [[link rot]].
 
__TOC__
 
==What is a bare URL?==
 
A bare URL is the [[URL]] with ''no other information'' about the source useful for addressing [[link rot]]. The following bare URLs are examples of links that can rot:<br><br>
<code><nowiki>Some text http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083 more text</nowiki></code>, displaying as<br>some text http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083 more text<br><br>
<code><nowiki>Some text [http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083] more text</nowiki></code>, displaying as<br>Some text [http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083] more text<br><br>
<code><nowiki>Some text [http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083 Nikon] more text</nowiki></code>, displaying as<br>Some text [http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083 Nikon] more text
 
A citation using the {{tl|cite web}} template such as:<br>
* <code><nowiki>{{cite web|title=Answer ID 14083: D2X Firmware update 2.0.0 — Windows|publisher=Nikon USA Inc|accessdate=2009-05-09|work=Find Answers|date=2008|url=http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083}}</nowiki></code>, displaying as<br>▼
{{cite web|title=Answer ID 14083: D2X Firmware update 2.0.0 — Windows|publisher=Nikon USA Inc|accessdate=2009-05-09|work=Find Answers|date=2008|url=http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083}}<br>can alternatively be typed in manually as:<br><code><nowiki>[http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083 "Answer ID 14083: D2X Firmware update 2.0.0 — Windows"]. ''Find Answers''. Nikon USA Inc. 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-09.</nowiki></code>, also displaying as<br>
[http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083 "Answer ID 14083: D2X Firmware update 2.0.0 — Windows"]. ''Find Answers''. Nikon USA Inc. 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-09.<br>
However entered, this shows full information and is not considered a bare URL.
 
Note that some [[citation style]]s, such as the [[MLA style]], use full [[bibliographic citation]] that happen to display the text of the URL&nbsp;in addition to proper identifying information, like the author, date, and title of the publication. These are '''not''' considered bare URLs.
 
==What is wrong with bare URLs?==
There is nothing wrong with adding bare URL references to Wikipedia. If you only have time and inclination to copy the reference URL you found, we thank you for your contribution!
'''Bare [[:en:Uniform Resource Locator|URLs]]''' are subject to [[:en:link rot|link rot]]. The following bare URLs are examples of links that can rot:
*http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083
*[http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083]
 
EachThat ofsaid, thesebare URLs is''are'' dependingsubject to link rot. The usability of a bare URL depends entirely on the target WWW site retaining its chosen site structure, whichthough it is under no obligation to do so.
 
Similarly, allAll of thesethe following bare URL citations of the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' have "rotted" (stopped working), since ''[[The New York Times]]'' restructured the ''IHT''{{'}}s WWW site:
*http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/01/europe/EU-GEN-Denmark-Obit-Wegner.php
*http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/10/africa/eu.php
Line 18 ⟶ 33:
 
A [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation styles|full citation]], in contrast, gives the author, title, publisher, publication, and date of the work. So, if the web site address changes, the additional information may assist in finding the new location. If the source is no longer available on the internet, then the additional information may assist in tracking down the source if it is in printed form, microfiche archives, article/paper collections, published as books, and the like.
 
This is what a full citation for the Nikon article might look like, using the {{tl|cite web}} template:
▲* {{cite web|title=Answer ID 14083: D2X Firmware update 2.0.0 — Windows|publisher=Nikon USA Inc|accessdate=2009-05-09|work=Find Answers|date=2008|url=http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14083}}
 
This is a full citation of the first ''International Herald Tribune'' article, using the {{tl|cite news}} template:
* {{cite news |worklast1=[[InternationalColman Herald|first1=David |last2= |first2= |date= February 1, 2007 Tribune]]|title= Hans Wegner, 92, brokeBroke groundGround with Danish Modern chair designsDesigns |authortrans-title=David Colman|date work = [[International Herald Tribune]] | location = La Défense, FR | publisher = [[The New York Times Company]] | url= http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007-/02-/01/europe/EU-GEN-Denmark-Obit-Wegner.php |access-date= February 25, 2020 |language= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070223125937/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/01/europe/EU-GEN-Denmark-Obit-Wegner.php |archive-date= February 23, 2007 |url-status= dead |via= |quote=}}
 
Notice that with the full information that appeared in the citation before the URL died, it is stillwas possible to retrieve the ''IHT'' article, via servicesWeb.Archive.org such(which aswe did here, to add the archived URL), but also via [[LexisNexis]], [[HighbeamHighBeam Research]], and others, (even though the ''IHT''{{'}}s own WWWwebpage pageis wasno takenlonger downactive).
 
Secondary problems with bare URLs are that—unless a readable text is used—they are ugly, and can affect the display of a page. For example, this bare URL with no readable text causes page widening:
* http://support.nikontech.com/cgi-bin/nikonusa.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=14083&p_created=1159553141&p_sid=PMjnxbji&p_accessibility=0&p_lva=&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPSZwX3NvcnRfYnk9JnBfZ3JpZHNvcnQ9JnBfcm93X2NudD03JnBfcHJvZHM9MTksMTQ3JnBfY2F0cz0xODYmcF9wdj0yLjE0NyZwX2N2PTEuMTg2JnBfc2VhcmNoX3R5cGU9YW5zd2Vycy5zZWFyY2hfbmwmcF9wYWdlPTE*&p_li=&p_topview=1
 
The problem can be fixed, cosmetically, using the form [long_URL readable_text]—note space character in middle separating URL from link label—as in the following example:
* "[very_very_long_URL_is_presented_first Useful-Readable-Text-Comes-Next]"
* [http://support.nikontech.com/cgi-bin/nikonusa.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=14083&p_created=1159553141&p_sid=PMjnxbji&p_accessibility=0&p_lva=&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPSZwX3NvcnRfYnk9JnBfZ3JpZHNvcnQ9JnBfcm93X2NudD03JnBfcHJvZHM9MTksMTQ3JnBfY2F0cz0xODYmcF9wdj0yLjE0NyZwX2N2PTEuMTg2JnBfc2VhcmNoX3R5cGU9YW5zd2Vycy5zZWFyY2hfbmwmcF9wYWdlPTE*&p_li=&p_topview=1 D2X Firmware update 2.0.0 - Windows]▼
(note the space separating URL from link label), which is used in the following example. ''However, future editors are again left with the challenge of repairing the citation, when the URL in this form of presentation dies (which makes the preceding full citation the preferred form of citation):''
▲* [http://support.nikontech.com/cgi-bin/nikonusa.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=14083&p_created=1159553141&p_sid=PMjnxbji&p_accessibility=0&p_lva=&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPSZwX3NvcnRfYnk9JnBfZ3JpZHNvcnQ9JnBfcm93X2NudD03JnBfcHJvZHM9MTksMTQ3JnBfY2F0cz0xODYmcF9wdj0yLjE0NyZwX2N2PTEuMTg2JnBfc2VhcmNoX3R5cGU9YW5zd2Vycy5zZWFyY2hfbmwmcF9wYWdlPTE*&p_li=&p_topview=1 D2X Firmware update 2.0.0 - Windows0—Windows]
Such presentations are often fine for external links, and other non-citation URL entries.
 
==Helping to prevent future link rot==
MostPlease importantly,consider dosupplementing not addyour bare URLs to articles—always createURLs—creating full citations with title, author, date, publisher, etc.
 
If you encounter an article with many bare URLs, you can help in one of twothree ways:▼
* Tag the article's Referenceat sectionthe top of the page with {{tl|cleanup-link rot}}. This displays a header requesting that the citations be expanded, and categorizes the article as needing cleanup, bringing it to the attention of other Wikipedians.▼
* Even more helpful would be to expand the bare URLs into citations manually, or by using the semi-automatic [[WP:REFLINKS|"Reflinks" tool]]. ▼
* Use the [[WP:REFILL|reFill]] tool for resolving bare references semi-automatically.
 
Before linkrot became a widespread and well-understood issue, many Wikipedia articles were created with bare URLs. Even today editors frequently cite sources by inserting bare URLs. While this is much better than leaving articles unsourced, it does expose the references to link rot.
▲If you encounter an article with many bare URLs, you can help in one of two ways:
▲* Tag the article's Reference section with {{tl|cleanup-link rot}}. This displays a header requesting that the citations be expanded, and categorizes the article as needing cleanup, bringing it to the attention of other Wikipedians.
▲* Even more helpful would be to expand the bare URLs into citations manually, or by using the semi-automatic [[WP:REFLINKS|"Reflinks" tool]].
 
Before linkrot became a widespread and well-understood issue, many Wikipedia articles were created with bare URLs. To this day, inexperienced editors frequently cite sources by inserting bare URLs. We can all help to fix this problem. You can help by [[WP:VOLUNTEER|volunteering]] to expand bare URLs into proper citations, in articles which interest you, articles which are linked to them, or articles selected as [[WP:RANDOM|random articles]]. If you notice an editor habitually adding bare URLs, leave''and'' you suspect that editor doesn't know how to create more complete inline citations, consider leaving a polite note on their [[WP:TALK|talk page]] thanking them for adding URLs, but referring them to [[WPWikipedia:INCITEInline citations]] for clear examples of better,good more complete inline citationspractices.
 
==See also==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=insource%3A%2F%5C%3Cref%5C%3Ehtt%28p%7Cps%29%5C%3A%2F&fulltext=Search A list of Wikipedia articles with bare URLs]
* [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]], for information about how to construct a full bibliographic citation.
* [[:Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations]]<!-- written with leading colon so as not to add this article to the category, while remaining clickable. -->
 
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