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The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad (French: Jeux olympiques d'été ), first held in 1896, are an international multi-sport event, occurring every four years, organized by the International Olympic Committee. Medals are awarded in each event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that started in 1904. The Winter Olympic Games were also created due to the success of the Summer Olympics.

The Olympics have increased from a 42-event competition with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations to a 300-event sporting celebration with over 10,000 competitors from 205 nations. Organizers for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing expected approximately 10,500 competitors to take part in the 302 events on the program for the games.

Eighteen countries have hosted the Summer Olympics, with England 2012 being the most recent. The United States has hosted four Summer Olympics, more than any other nation, and the United Kingdom has hosted three Summer Olympics. In 2016, Rio de Janeiro will host the first Summer Games in South America. London has hosted the Summer Olympics three times, and three cities have hosted two Summer Olympics: Los Angeles, Paris and Athens.

Five countries – Greece, Australia, France, Great Britain and Switzerland – have been represented at all Summer Olympic Games. The only country to have won at least one gold medal at every Summer Olympic Games is Great Britain, ranging from one gold in 1904, 1952 and 1996 to fifty-six golds in 1908.