ৱিকিপিডিয়া

ৱিকিপিডিয়া:IPA for Hindi and Urdu

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindi and Urdu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Hindi-Urdu phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindustani.

Consonants
IPA Hindi Urdu English equivalent
b ब ب abash
bʱ भ بھ abhor
d̪ [1] द د ado
d̪ʱ [1] ध دھ adhere
ɖ [1] ड ڈ guard
ɖʱ [1] ढ ڈھ guardhouse
dʒ ज ج hedge
dʒʱ झ جھ hedgehog
f फ़ ف food
ɡ ग گ agate
ɡʱ घ گھ pigheaded
h ः ح head
ɦ ह ahead
j य ي yak
k क ک scan
kʰ ख کھ can
l ल ل leaf
m म م much
n न ن not
ɳ ण ڻ burner
ŋ ं - bank
p प پ span
pʰ फ پھ pan
(often pronounced [f] in Hindi)
q क़ ق a k in the throat
(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
r र ر trilled r
ɽ ड़ ڑ US: larder
ɽʱ ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h
s स س sue
ʂ ष – worship
ʃ श ش shoe
t̪ [1] त ت stable
t̪ʰ [1] थ تھ table
ʈ [1] ट ٹ art
ʈʰ [1] ठ ٹھ art-historian
tʃ च چ catch
tʃʰ छ چھ choose
ʋ[2] व و varies between w and v
x ख़ خ Bach
(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)
ɣ ग़ غ like a French r
(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi). Close to uvular flap.
z ज़ ز zen
ʒ झ़ ژ pleasure
Vowels
IPA Hindi Urdu English equivalent
aː आ, पा آ, ـا bra
eː ए, पे ے between yell and Yale
ɛː ऐ, पै yell
ə अ, प ـَ nut
iː [3] ई, पी ی feet
ɪ [3] इ, पि ـِ dill
oː ओ, पो و old
ɔː औ, पौ law
uː [3] ऊ, पू loot
ʊ [3] उ, पु ـُ look
 ̃ ँ ں nasal vowel
([ãː], [õː], etc.)


Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
ː doubled consonant

Notes সম্পাদনা কৰক

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English /θ ð/ (the th sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
  2. ↑ [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.
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