বৎচোৱানা

Republic of Botswana
Republic of Botswana Lefatshe la Botswana (Tswana)
	নীতিবাক্য; "Pula!" (Tswana); "Rain"
	ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সঙ্গীত; Fatshe leno la rona (Tswana); Blessed Be Our Noble Land; ;
	[[Image: \|250px \|center \|Botswana-ৰ অৱস্থান]]
ৰাজধানী; (আৰু বৃহত্তম নগৰ)	গাব'ৰনে
ৰাষ্ট্ৰভাষা (সমূহ)	ইংৰাজী ভাষা; Setswana;
জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহ (2012)	79% Tswana ; 11% Kalanga ; 3% San ; 7% Others (includes Kgalagadi, Indian, and White);
জাতীয়তাসূচক বিশেষণ	Batswana (plural) ; Motswana (singular);
চৰকাৰ	Unitary dominant-party parliamentary constitutional republic
Independence	from the United Kingdom
মাটিকালি
জনসংখ্যা
জিডিপি (পিপিপি)	2019 আনুমানিক
জিডিপি (নামমাত্ৰ)	2019 আনুমানিক
জিনি সহগ? (2015)	53.3
মানৱ উন্নয়ন সূচক (2019)	0.735 (100th)
মুদ্ৰা	Pula (BWP)
সময় অঞ্চল	Central Africa Time (GMT+2)
তাৰিখ বিন্যাস	dd/mm/yyyy
গাড়ী চলোৱা হয়	left
ইণ্টাৰনেট টিএলডি	.bw
	ৱেবচাইট; www.gov.bw
কলিং ক'ড	++267

বৎচোৱানা (ইংৰাজী: Botswana) আফ্ৰিকা মহাদেশৰ দক্ষিণাংশত অৱস্থিত এখন স্থলবেষ্টিত ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। ১৯৬৬ চনত ই ব্ৰিটেইনৰ পৰা স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰে।

হীৰা আৰু অন্যান্য খনিজাত সম্পদে বৎচোৱানাক আফ্ৰিকাৰ অন্যতম ধনী দেশলৈ পৰিণত কৰেছে। দেশখনৰ অধিকাংশ এলাকা শুষ্ক আৰু কৃষিৰ অনুপযোগী। বৎচোৱানাৰ মধ্য আৰু দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমভাগৰ অধিকাংশ অঞ্চল জুৰি কালাহাৰি মৰুভূমি অৱস্থিত। দেশখনত প্ৰাণীবিলাকৰ বাবে বহুতো অভয়াৰণ্য আছে।

স্বাধীনতাৰ পিছৰে পৰা বৎচোৱানাত স্থিতিশীল গণতন্ত্ৰ বিৰাজমান। এজন নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিয়ে দেশখন শাসন কৰে। গাবোৰোন হ'ল দেশখনৰ বৃহত্তম চহৰ আৰু ৰাজধানী। ইংৰেজী দেশখনৰ চৰকাৰী ভাষা হ'লেও বেছিভাগ মানুহেই বাণ্টু ভাষাত কথা পাতে।

তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ

↑ Seabo, Batlang; Kesaobaka, Molebatsi. "Botswana's Dominant Party System". Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. https://www.eisa.org.za/pdf/JAE16.2Seabo.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 April 2020.
↑ Benza, Brian (24 October 2019). "Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election/botswanas-masisi-retains-presidency-as-bdp-wins-election-idUSKBN1X40KS.
↑ Selolwane, Onalenna (2002). "Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance". African Sociological Review খণ্ড 6 (1): 68–90. doi:10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203.
↑ "Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 December 2019.
↑ "Masisi to Lead Botswana as Khama Steps Down After a Decade". www.bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/masisi-to-lead-botswana-as-khama-steps-down-after-decade-at-helm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 31 March 2018.
↑ Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana (Report). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 2015. p. 9. http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf. "Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173"
↑ ""World Population prospects – Population division"". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.
↑ ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 "IMF Country Specific Data". https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 August 2019.
↑ Chapter: 01:04 (20 July 1984). "Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))". Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 September 2020.

[1] Seabo, Batlang; Kesaobaka, Molebatsi. "Botswana's Dominant Party System". Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. https://www.eisa.org.za/pdf/JAE16.2Seabo.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 April 2020.

[2] Benza, Brian (24 October 2019). "Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election/botswanas-masisi-retains-presidency-as-bdp-wins-election-idUSKBN1X40KS.

[3] Selolwane, Onalenna (2002). "Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance". African Sociological Review খণ্ড 6 (1): 68–90. doi:10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203.

[4] "Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 December 2019.

[5] "Masisi to Lead Botswana as Khama Steps Down After a Decade". www.bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/masisi-to-lead-botswana-as-khama-steps-down-after-decade-at-helm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 31 March 2018.

[6] Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana (Report). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 2015. p. 9. http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf. "Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173"

[UN_WPP-7] ""World Population prospects – Population division"". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.

[UN_WPP_2019-8] ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.

[imf2019gdp-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 "IMF Country Specific Data". https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 August 2019.

[10] Chapter: 01:04 (20 July 1984). "Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))". Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 September 2020.

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