সিন্ধু নদী: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য
নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Geobox|River <!-- *** Heading *** --> | name = ইণ্ডাছ নদী (Indus River) | native_name = {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|دريائے سِندھ}}}} (Dary... |
(কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই)
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09:24, 16 August 2015ৰ সংস্কৰণ
ইণ্ডাছ নদী also called Sindhu River (সিন্ধী: سنڌو دريا ) and also known as Abasin (পশতু: اباسين) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; is one of the longest rivers in Asia. It flows through Pakistan, the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and western Tibet. Originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar, the river runs a course through the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, towards Gilgit-Baltistan and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh. The total length of the river is 3,180 km (1,980 মাইল). It is Pakistan's longest river.[1]
| ইণ্ডাছ নদী (Indus River) (উৰ্দু: دريائے سِندھ (Darya-e Sindh) পঞ্জাবী: ਸਿੰਧ ਦਰਿਆ (Sindh Darya) সিন্ধী: سنڌو درياءَ (Sindhu Darya) পশতু: اباسين (Abasin) সাঁচ:Lang-Av (Harauhuati) সংস্কৃত: Sanskrit (Sindhu/سندھو)) | |
 Satellite image of the Indus River basin in Pakistan, and China.
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| দেশ | Pakistan (93%) India (5%) China (2%) |
|---|---|
| উপনৈ | |
| - বাঁওদিশত | Zanskar River, Chenab River, Sutlej River, Soan River, Beas River, Ravi River, Dras River, Suru River (Indus), Jhelum River, Kishanganga River |
| - সোঁদিশত | Shyok River, Gilgit River, Kabul River, Kurram River, Gomal River |
| চহৰসমূহ | Leh, Sukkur, Hyderabad, Dera Ismail Khan |
| Primary source | Sênggê Zangbo |
| - অৱস্থান | Tibetan Plateau |
| Secondary source | Gar |
| - location | Tibetan Plateau |
| মোহনা | Arabian Sea (primary), Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary (secondary) |
| - অৱস্থান | Indus River Delta (primary), Central Gujarat (secondary), Pakistan (primary), India (secondary) |
| - উচ্চতা | ০ মি (০ ফুট) |
| - স্থানাঙ্ক | 23°59′40″N 67°25′51″E / 23.99444°N 67.43083°E |
| দৈৰ্ঘ্য | ২,৮৮০ কিমি (১,৭৯০ মাইল) |
| অৱবাহিকা | ১১,৬৫,০০০ বৰ্গকিমি (৪,৪৯,৮০৯ বৰ্গমাইল) |
| প্ৰবাহ | for Arabian sea |
| - গড় | ৬,৬০০ ঘনমিটাৰ/ছেকেণ্ড (২,৩৩,০৭৭ ঘনফুট/ছেকেণ্ড) |
 Map of the Indus River basin
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The river has a total drainage area exceeding 11,65,000 বৰ্গ কি.মি. (4,50,000 বৰ্গ মাইল). Its estimated annual flow stands at around সাঁচ:Convert/km3, making it the twenty-first largest river in the world in terms of annual flow. The Zanskar is its left bank tributary in Ladakh. In the plains, its left bank tributary is the Chenab which itself has four major tributaries, namely, the Jhelum, the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej. Its principal right bank tributaries are the Shyok, the Gilgit, the Kabul, the Gomal and the Kurram. Beginning in a mountain spring and fed with glaciers and rivers in the Himalayas, the river supports ecosystems of temperate forests, plains and arid countryside.[2]
The Indus forms the delta of present-day Pakistan mentioned in the Vedic Rigveda as Sapta Sindhu and the Iranian Zend Avesta as Hapta Hindu (both terms meaning "seven rivers"). The river has been a source of wonder since the Classical Period, with King Darius of Persia sending his Greek subject Scylax of Caryanda to explore the river as early as 510 BC.[3]
উপনৈসমূহ
- Astor River
- Balram River
- Beas River
- Chenab River
- Dras River
- Gar River
- Ghizar River
- Gilgit River
- Gomal River
- Hunza River
- Jhelum River
- Kabul River
- Kurram River
- Nagar River
- Panjnad River
- Ravi River
- Satluj River
- Shigar River
- Shyok River
- Soan River
- Tanubal River
- Zanskar River
তথ্যসুত্ৰ
- ↑ Zeitler, Peter K.; Koons, Peter O.; Bishop, Michael P.; Chamberlain, C. Page; Craw, David; Edwards, Michael A.; Hamidullah, Syed; Jam, Qasim M.; Kahn, M. Asif; Khattak, M. Umar Khan; Kidd, William S. F.; Mackie, Randall L.; Meltzer, Anne S.; Park, Stephen K.; Pecher, Arnaud; Poage, Michael A.; Sarker, Golam; Schneider, David A.; Seeber, Leonardo; and Shroder, John F. (October 2001). "Crustal reworking at Nanga Parbat, Pakistan: Metamorphic consequences of thermal-mechanical coupling facilitated by erosion". Tectonics খণ্ড 20 (5): 712–728. doi:10.1029/2000TC001243.
- ↑ Clift, Peter D.; Shimizu, N.; Layne, G.D.; Blusztajn, J.S.; Gaedicke, C.; Schlüter, H.-U.; Clark, M.K.; Amjad, S. (August 2001). "Development of the Indus Fan and its significance for the erosional history of the Western Himalaya and Karakoram". GSA Bulletin খণ্ড 113 (8): 1039–1051. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<1039:DOTIFA>2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Clift, Peter D.; Blusztajn, Jerzy (15 December 2005). "Reorganization of the western Himalayan river system after five million years ago". Nature খণ্ড 438 (7070): 1001–1003. doi:10.1038/nature04379. PMID 16355221.
লগতে চাওক
- Albinia, Alice. (2008) Empires of the Indus: The Story of a River. First American Edition (20101) W. W. Norton & Company, New York. ISBN 978-0-393-33860-7.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- World Atlas, Millennium Edition, pg 265
- Jean Fairley, "The Lion River", Karachi, 1978
বাহ্যিক সংযোগ
| ৱিকিমিডিয়া কমন্সত সিন্ধু নদী সম্পৰ্কীয় মিডিয়া ফাইল আছে। |
- Blankonthemap The Northern Kashmir WebSite
- Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law Peace Palace Library
- Northern Areas Development Gateway
- The Mountain Areas Conservancy Project
- Indus River watershed map (World Resources Institute)
- Indus Treaty
- Baglihar Dam issue
- Indus
- Indus Wildlife at the Wayback Machine (archived October 7, 2006)
- First raft and kayak descents of the Indus headwaters in Tibet
- Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting's project on water issues in South Asia